不同品种苹果园昆虫群落多样性及主要害虫发生动态分析  

Analysis on insect community diversity and population dynamics of primary pests in apple orchards of different varieties

作　　者：谢子菲 徐路宸 黄国嫣 李云国 龚占斌 肖春[1] 郭子俊 Xie Zifei;Xu Luchen;Huang Guoyan;Li Yunguo;Gong Zhanbin;Xiao Chun;Guo Zijun(National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in Yunnan/College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Apple Industry Development Center of Zhaotong City)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [2]昭通市苹果产业发展中心

出　　处：《植物检疫》2023年第5期47-54,共8页Plant Quarantine

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202102AE090006);云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划(202004BI090147);云南省兴滇英才支持计划(YNQR-QNRC-2019-115)。

摘　　要：本研究利用黄板和诱捕器对苹果早熟品种红露和嘎啦、中熟品种新红将军和中秋王以及晚熟品种烟富三号和短枝富士6种果园中的昆虫种类及数量进行调查与记录,重点针对苹果主要害虫种群动态开展调查,利用群落特征指数对果园昆虫群落特征进行分析。结果表明在6种苹果园中,优势昆虫类群均为双翅目和半翅目,害虫优势类群为叶蝉科、实蝇科和蚜科,天敌常见类群为姬蜂科。晚熟品种烟富三号和短枝富士园中害虫总个体数量显著多于早熟品种嘎啦、红露和中熟品种新红将军、中秋王。桔小实蝇主要在8月底到10月中下旬发生,其中9月7日到9月16日出现第一次高峰,9月24日到10月8日出现第二次高峰;苹果绵蚜主要为害新红将军,在8月底到9月上旬达到高峰期;苹果绣线菊蚜主要为害短枝富士,在9月中上旬达到高峰期;假眼小绿叶蝉在10月中下旬达到高峰期。Simpson优势集中性指数、Berger-Parker优势度指数以及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数表明烟富三号和新红将军果园的昆虫群落结构较不稳定,而中秋王、红露、嘎啦果园中昆虫群落结构较稳定。本研究结果可为云南昭通不同品种苹果园害虫管理提供依据。This study investigated and recorded species and quantity of insects in six orchards,which planted early-maturing varieties Gala and Honglu,middle-maturing varieties New Red General and Mid-Autumn King,late-maturing varieties Yanfu 3 and Short Branch Fuji respectively by using yellow board and pheromone traps.We focused on the population dynamics of major pests in apple,and charac-teristics of insect community in orchards were analyzed by community characteristic index.The results showed that among the six apple orchards,the dominant insects were Diptera and Hemiptera,the dominant pests were Cicadellidae,Tephritidae and Aphididae,and the dominant natural enemies were Ichneumonidae.The total number of pests in the orchards of the late-maturing varieties Yanfu 3 and Short Branch Fuji was significantly higher than that of the early-maturing varieties Gala and Honglu,as well as the mid-dle-maturing varieties New Red General and Mid-Autumn King.The main occurrence period of Bactro-cera dorsalis is from late August to mid to late October.Among them,first peak growth period from September 7th to September 16th,and second peak growth period from September 24th to October 8th.Eriosoma lanigerum mainly damage the New Red General and peak growth period is from late August to early September.Aphis citricola mainly damage the Short Branch Fuji and peak growth period is from early-September to mid-September.Peak growth period of Empoasca vitis is from mid to late October.The Simpson dominance concentration index,Berger-Parker dominance index,Shannon-Wiener diversity in-dex and Pielou evenness index indicated that insect communities structure in Yanfu 3 and New Red General orchards was relatively unstable.Meanwhile,structure of insect communities in the orchards of Mid-Autumn King,Honglu and Gala was relatively stable.The results of this study can provide a basis for pest management of different varieties of apple orchards in Zhaotong,Yunnan.

关 键 词：苹果 昆虫群落 多样性 主要害虫 发生动态 

分 类 号：S436.6[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]