指称修辞的认知拓扑识解:以“指桑骂槐”为例  

Cognitive Topological Interpretation of Referential Rhetoric:A Case Study of"Pointing at One but Abusing Another"

作　　者：付正玲[1] 文旭[1] Fu Zhengling;Wen Xu

机构地区：[1]西南大学外国语学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2023年第5期80-87,共8页Contemporary Rhetoric

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“类型学视野下英汉类指句的对比研究”(项目编号:19YJC740009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：指称修辞是一种基于语境、表达认知主体主观意向的间接指称方式,通过借助名词丰富的指称潜势,从确定性指称向相对性指称转变,从而实现修辞功能。前人从语义、语用、语境等层面对指称修辞加以解释,取得了一些成绩,但研究主要停留在揭示“修辞如何实现”这个层面,对“修辞为何能实现”的问题探讨不多。本文以典型的指称修辞——“指桑骂槐”为例,廓清指称修辞的特点与实现方式,并进一步从认知拓扑学的视角探究该修辞现象实现的认知机制,以回答“如何实现”的问题。研究发现,指称修辞具备指称间接性、语境依赖性和内容主观性三个特点,通过变换指称对象、延展指称对象和引入跨域指称对象三种方式得以实现,其认知机制是个体拓扑同化、层级拓扑同化和域间拓扑同化,通过这三种机制搭建起概念间的拓扑通道,从而激活意向的指称对象。本文可为名词研究和修辞研究提供新的研究路径。Referential rhetoric is an indirect reference to express the subjective intention of cognitive subject based on the context.Referential rhetoric changes from certainty to relativity by virtue of the rich referential potential of nouns,so as to realize the rhetorical function.Previous studies have made some achievements by illustrating referential rhetoric from the aspects of semantics,pragmatics and context,but the research mainly focuses on revealing"how rhetoric can be realized",and there is little discussion on"why rhetoric can be realized".Taking the rhetoric of"pointing at one but abusing another"as an example,this paper clarifies the characteristics and realization methods of referential rhetoric,and further investigates the cognitive topological mechanisms of rhetorical realization from the perspective of cognitive topology,so as to answer the question of"how the rhetoric can be realized".It is found that referential rhetoric has three characteristics:indirectness of reference,context-dependence and subjectivity of content.The rhetoric is realized by three ways:extension of referent,transformation of referent and cross-domain of referent.The underlying cognitive mechanisms are individual topological assimilation,hierarchical topological assimilation and cross-domain topological assimilation,by which the horizontal topological channel,vertical topological channel and cross-domain topological channel between concepts are set up,thus activating the intentional referent.This paper provides a new path for the study of nouns and rhetoric.

关 键 词：指称修辞 “指桑骂槐” 修辞特点 实现方式 认知机制 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]