稻瘟病抗性分子机制及抗病育种策略研究进展  

Deciphering the molecular mechanism of rice blast resistance and research progress of resistance breeding strategy

作　　者：王如意 刘杰[2] 冯琴 张熠玚 肖宁[3] 吴俊[4] 郑文静 李爱宏[3] 宁约瑟 WANG Ruyi;LIU Jie;FENG Qin;ZHANG Yiyang;XIAO Ning;WU Jun;ZHENG Wenjing;LI Aihong;NING Yuese(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu,Yangzhou 225009,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Liaoning Rice Research Institute,Shenyang 110101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [3]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,扬州225009 [4]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [5]辽宁省水稻研究所,沈阳110101

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第5期32-42,70,共12页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(32161143009);国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFD1401400);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金(U20A2021);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-CSCB-202301)。

摘　　要：由稻瘟菌侵染引起的稻瘟病是威胁水稻安全生产最严重的真菌病害之一。鉴定克隆水稻抗稻瘟病基因,系统深入研究稻瘟菌与水稻的相互作用,揭示水稻的抗病机制,进而创制推广抗稻瘟病新材料,对确保粮食安全具有重要意义。本文总结了近10年来稻瘟病抗病基因和感病基因的鉴定、分子机理解析和应用等进展,总结归纳了抗病基因聚合、分子设计育种、感病基因编辑、抗病基因的病原诱导表达等抗病育种主要策略。最后提出充分利用种质资源,利用新技术挖掘新基因及创制新材料,深入研究叶瘟和穗瘟抗病机制差异等是稻瘟病抗病育种下一步重点研究方向和新挑战。Rice blast,caused by fungus Pyricularia oryzae,is one of the most serious fungal diseases,which threatens rice production.Cloning and identification of rice blast resistance genes,systematically and in-depth analysis of the interaction between P.oryzae and rice could reveal the rice disease resistance mechanisms and develop numerous new rice germplasm.These efforts are effective and provide safeguard for food security.In this article,we reviewed the identification of rice blast resistance and susceptibility genes to P.oryzae in the past 10 years,and how the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms has been applied in rice breeding.In addition,we summarized major strategies for breeding rice disease-resistant cultivars including disease resistance gene pyramiding,molecular design breeding,editing of susceptibility genes and pathogen-induced expression of disease resistance genes.Lastly,we proposed directions and challenges in rice blast disease resistance breeding in the future:full utilization of germplasm resources,application of new technologies to mine new resistance genes and create new breeding materials;investigation of the molecular basis of leaf and neck blast resistance and construction of novel broad-spectrum disease-resistant materials.

关 键 词：水稻 稻瘟病 抗病基因 感病基因 育种策略 

分 类 号：S435.111.41[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]