植物病原真菌对杀菌剂抗性的研究进展  

Research progresses on fungicide resistance in plant pathogenic fungi

作　　者：吴小美 王海霞[1] 云英子 马忠华[1] WU Xiaomei;WANG Haixia;YUN Yingzi;MA Zhonghua(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects,Institute of Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Zhenjiang Plant Protection and Quarantine Station,Zhenjiang 212002,China;The State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops,College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生物技术研究所,浙江省作物病虫生物学重点实验室,杭州310058 [2]镇江市植保植检站,镇江212002 [3]福建农林大学植物保护学院,闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室,福州350002

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第5期243-259,共17页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1400100);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-1-29)。

摘　　要：科学施用杀菌剂是植物病害综合治理的重要措施之一,然而由于杀菌剂的长期使用,病菌抗药性问题逐渐加重,严重影响药剂的防治效果和使用寿命。近年来,随着分子生物学技术的快速发展,人们对杀菌剂抗性机制有了更深入的理解,并开发出了病菌抗药基因型快速检测的方法。本文总结了植物病原真菌对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂(BZD)、肌球蛋白合成抑制剂、甾醇脱甲基抑制剂(DMI)、QoI类抑制剂、琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(SDHI)和二甲酰亚胺类杀菌剂(DC)的抗药性现状与抗性机制。在此基础上,介绍了聚合酶链反应(PCR)、限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)、等位基因特异性PCR和环介导等温扩增(LAMP)技术在杀菌剂抗性快速检测方面的研究进展。此外,对抗药性治理对策进行了讨论和展望。Application of fungicide is one of key strategies in the integrated management of many plant diseases.However,with the long-term utilization,fungicide resistance has become predominant gradually in many plant pathogenic fungi,which affects the efficacy and lifetime of fungicides.In recent years,several mechanisms of fungicide resistance have been well understood at the molecular level.Based on these molecular mechanisms,a variety of rapid and effective methods for detecting fungicide-resistant pathogen genotypes have been developed.In this review,we summarized recent advances in resistance development and mechanisms of plant pathogenic fungi to the major classes of fungicides including benzimidazole(BZD),myosin inhibitor,sterol demethylation inhibitor(DMI),quinone outside inhibitor(QoI),succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor(SDHI),and dicarboximide(DC).In addition,we summed up the research progresses on applications of polymerase chain reaction(PCR),restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP),allele-specific PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)technology in rapid detection of fungicide resistance.Also,we discussed and prospected the management strategies against fungicide resistance.

关 键 词：植物病原真菌 杀菌剂抗性机制 抗性检测 抗性治理对策 

分 类 号：S481.4[农业科学—农药学]