细胞内钾离子稳态测量技术及其调控机制研究进展  

Research progress of measuring techniques and regulation mechanisms of intracellular potassium homeostasis

作　　者：颜芷昕 宋娜娜 丁小强[1,2] YAN Zhi-xin;SONG Na-na;DING Xiao-qiang(Department of Nephrology,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification,Shanghai 200032,China;Fudan ZhangJiang Institute,Shanghai 200120,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属中山医院肾内科,上海200032 [2]上海市肾病与血液透析重点实验室,上海200032 [3]复旦大学张江研究院,上海200120

出　　处：《复旦学报（医学版）》2023年第5期750-760,共11页Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82070710);上海市科委基础研究领域项目(20JC1417300);上海市科委生物医药科技支撑专项(21S21902900)。

摘　　要：钾离子在细胞内液、细胞外液及亚细胞结构中的分布处于动态平衡,它是细胞内液含量最丰富的阳离子,在细胞外液含量却很少;在亚细胞结构中,钾离子在胞核的浓度最高,细胞基质、线粒体、内质网、溶酶体次之。细胞内钾离子参与细胞形态维持、酶活性调控及能量代谢、遗传物质的生物合成、细胞增殖与死亡、修复和迁移、免疫等多种生命活动的调控;同时细胞内钾离子稳态失衡和肿瘤、急性缺血损伤、自身免疫病、内分泌、神经退行性等疾病发生发展密切相关,因此维持细胞内钾离子稳态具有非常重要的意义,纠正细胞内钾离子稳态失衡为疾病治疗提供了新的方向。本文综述近年细胞内钾离子稳态的基本情况和测量技术的研究进展,并探讨其调控机制及生理和病理意义。Distribution of potassium ion(K^(+))among extracellular/intracellular fluid and subcellular organelles is in dynamic equilibrium under exquisite manipulation.K^(+)is most abundant in nuclei,which is followed by cytoplasmic matrix,mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome.Intracellular potassium homeostasis has great significance.It plays important roles in cell morphology maintenance,enzyme activities and energy metabolism modulation,biosynthesis of genetic material,cell proliferation and death,cell repair and migration,and immune response.Also,intracellular potassium disturbance is closely related to tumor,acute ischemic injuries,autoimmune diseases,endocrine diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.Correcting intracellular potassium disturbance has become a novel direction in clinical therapy.We give an overview of the current physiological condition,measuring techniques,regulation mechanisms and physiological/pathological significances of intracellular potassium homeostasis.

关 键 词：细胞内钾离子稳态 细胞内钾离子浓度检测 钾离子敏感荧光探针 基因编码钾离子指示剂 钾离子通道 

分 类 号：R329.25[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]