同源四倍体水稻:低育性机理、改良与育种展望  

Autotetraploid rice:challenges and opportunities

作　　者：刘向东[1,2,3] 吴锦文 陆紫君[1,2,3] Muhammad Qasim Shahid Xiangdong Liu;Jinwen Wu;Zijun Lu;Muhammad Qasim Shahid(State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广州510642 [2]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642 [3]华南农业大学,广东省植物分子育种重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《遗传》2023年第9期781-792,共12页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：岭南现代农业实验室科研项目(编号:NT2021001);岭南水稻种质资源基地库项目(编号:2023-40)资助。

摘　　要：同源四倍体水稻具有籽粒增大、营养成分增加和抗性增强等特点,但其育性普遍偏低,影响产量,无法直接应用。高育性四倍体水稻的成功创制解决了同源四倍体水稻育性偏低的瓶颈问题,然而该类型多倍体水稻能否在生产上推广应用需要进一步探讨。本文总结了同源四倍体水稻及其杂种F1育性偏低的细胞和分子遗传学机理研究的概况,重点介绍了高育性四倍体水稻的主要类型及最新的研究进展,最后提出未来利用新型四倍体水稻开展多代杂种优势等研究的设想,以期为水稻多倍体育种提供参考。Autotetraploid rice is a type of germplasm developed from the whole genome duplication of diploid rice,leading to large grains,high nutrient content,and resistance.However,its low fertility has reduced yield and hampered commercialization.To address this issue,a new type of high fertility tetraploid rice was developed,which may serve as a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding.In this review,we summarize the progress made in understanding the cellular and molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the low fertility of autotetraploid rice and its F1 hybrid,as well as the main types of new tetraploid rice with high fertility.Lastly,the idea of utilizing the multi-generation heterosis of neo-tetraploid rice in the future is proposed as a reference for polyploid rice breeding.

关 键 词：水稻 同源四倍体水稻 新型四倍体水稻 PMeS多倍体水稻 杂种优势利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]