云南大理毛腿鼠耳蝠体表寄生虫感染情况及其体表寄生蛛蝇的形态特征和系统进化分析  

Myotis fimbriatus ectoparasite infection and the morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Nycteribiidae in Dali,Yunnan Province

作　　者：杨金颋 黄晓宾 王玉娟[2] 郭宪国 张现政 杨慧娟 郑小燕 YANG Jinting;HUANG Xiaobin;WANG Yujuan;GUO Xianguo;ZHANG Xianzheng;YANG Huijuan;ZHENG Xiaoyan(Institute of Pathogens and Vectors,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Dali University,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130000,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学病原与媒介生物研究所,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [2]东北师范大学吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,吉林长春130000

出　　处：《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2023年第4期452-458,共7页Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32001096);云南省科技厅科技计划(202001AT070025)。

摘　　要：目的对云南大理毛腿鼠耳蝠体表寄生虫的感染状况进行分析,并描述两种蛛蝇的形态特征,探究其系统进化关系。方法2022年7月,在云南大理州剑川县捕捉毛腿鼠耳蝠,采集其体表寄生虫并进行鉴定。计算各体表寄生虫的构成比、感染率、平均多度和平均感染强度;使用优势度指数(Y)确定各体表寄生虫类群中的优势种;运用扩散指数(C)、I指数、聚块指数(m*/m)和K指数判断优势种的空间分布类型;利用协调系数(V)分析优势种之间的相互关系。描述两种寄生蛛蝇的主要形态学特征。提取蛛蝇基因组DNA,PCR扩增线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶1亚基(cox1)、细胞色素B(cytb)和16S核糖体RNA(16S rRNA)序列,测序并串联后,用MEGA 11以最大似然法构建基于这3个基因的系统进化树。结果共捕获毛腿鼠耳蝠72只(雄性24只,雌性48只),体表寄生虫感染率为97.3%(70/72)。共采集体表寄生虫1745只,其中革螨1463只,分属于2科5属7种,分别为织金巨刺螨、鼠耳蝠螨、围睫肪刺螨、柯氏蝠螨、盾板浆刺螨、宽埃螨和朝鲜巨刺螨;蛛蝇282只,分属于2属2种,分别为台湾蛛虱蝇和叉笔虱蝇;未检获其他体表寄生虫。毛腿鼠耳蝠的革螨感染率、平均多度和平均感染强度分别为94.4%(68/72)、20.32、21.53,均高于蛛蝇[91.7%(66/72)、3.92、4.27](Fisher精确检验,P<0.05;U=700、424,均P<0.01)。织金巨刺螨、鼠耳蝠螨和围睫肪刺螨为优势种(Y=0.30、0.23、0.22)。优势种鼠耳蝠螨(C=1.98、I=0.98、m*/m=1.18、K=5.55)、织金巨刺螨(C=9.43、I=8.43、m*/m=2.15、K=0.87)和围睫肪刺螨(C=6.50、I=5.50、m*/m=2.02、K=0.98)在不同毛腿鼠耳蝠个体间均呈现聚集分布。鼠耳蝠螨与围睫肪刺螨(V=0.33,P<0.05)、鼠耳蝠螨与织金巨刺螨(V=0.34,P<0.05)、围睫肪刺螨与织金巨刺螨(V=0.72,P<0.01)之间均存在正协调关系。台湾蛛虱蝇体长约3 mm,背板Ⅰ呈宽圆形,末端有约25根长刚毛,背板Ⅱ和背板Ⅵ之间�Objective To analyze the prevalence of ectoparasites on the surface of Myotis fimbriatus in Dali,Yunnan Province,and describe the morphological characteristics of two Nycteribiidae,exploring their phylogenetic relationship.Methods In July 2022,M.fimbriatus were captured in Jianchuan County,Dali Prefecture,Yunnan Province.The ectoparasites were collected and identified.The constituent ratio,infection rate,mean abundance,and mean intensity were calculated for each ectoparasite.Dominant species were determined using the dominance index(Y).Their spatial distribution types were determined using the dispersion coefficient(C),I index,patchiness index(m*/m),and K index.The association coefficient(V)was used to analyze the interaction between dominant species.The morphological characteristics of the two Nycteribiidae were described.Genomic DNA was extracted from Nycteribiidae,and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1(cox1),cytochrome B(cytb)and 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA)was amplified by PCR and sequenced,then the sequences in tandem were used to construct the phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood method in MEGA 11.Results A total of 72 M.fimbriatus(24 males,48 females)were captured,and the ectoparasites infection rate was 97.3%(70/72).A total of 1745 ectoparasites were collected,including 1463 gamasid mites belonging to 7 species in 5 genera and 2 families,namely Spinturnix myoti,Spinturnix kolenatii,Steatonyssus periblepharus,Macronyssus zhijinensis,Choronyssus scutatus,Eyndho⁃venia euryalis,and Macronyssus coreanus.Additionally,282 Nycteribiidae were collected,which belongs to 2 species in 2 genera,namely Nycteribia formosana and Penicillidia dufourii.No other ectoparasites were detected.The infection rate,mean abundance,and mean intensity of gamasid mites are 94.4%(68/72),20.32 and 21.53,respectively,all of which are higher than those of the Nycteribiidae[91.7%(66/72),3.92,4.27](Fisher’s exact test,P<0.05;U=700,424;both P<0.01).S.myoti,S.periblepharus and M.zhijinensis are the dominant species(

关 键 词：毛腿鼠耳蝠 体表寄生虫 云南大理 革螨 蛛蝇 

分 类 号：R384[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]