我国乡村规划的技术演进与理论思潮——基于“三农”政策及城乡关系视角  

TECHNICAL EVOLUTION AND THEORETICAL TREND OF RURAL PLANNING IN CHINA:FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE“THREE RURAL ISSUES”POLICY AND URBAN-RURAL RELATIONSHIP

作　　者：冯旭 王凯[3,4,5] 毛其智 FENG Xu;WANG Kai;MAO Qizhi

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学园艺学院风景园林系 [2]中国城市规划学会乡村规划与建设分会 [3]中国城市规划设计研究院 [4]住房和城乡建设部人居环境建设专家委员会 [5]中国城市规划学会区域规划与城市经济专业委员会 [6]清华大学建筑学院 [7]清华大学国际欧亚科学院 [8]中国城市规划学会 [9]中国城市规划学会山地城乡规划分会 [10]中国城市规划学会标准化工作委员会

出　　处：《城市规划》2023年第9期84-95,共12页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“国土空间规划体系下基于乡村活力测度的乡村规划方法研究”(52078479);中国农业大学研究生教改研究项目(JG202129);中国农业大学研究生课程建设项目(QYJC202205)。

摘　　要：通过对1949年后宏观制度影响下的“三农”政策、城乡关系的梳理,探究不同阶段推动乡村规划发展的外部环境、内在动力和理论思潮。以城乡资源分配为依据,可将我国乡村规划发展分为5个阶段:城乡二元分治阶段(1949—1980年),通过区域土地规划提升农业生产水平;改善城乡关系阶段(1981—1993年),通过乡镇域总体规划统筹指导乡村工业化背景下的居民点分级建设;城市加速发展阶段(1994—2003年),通过在县域开展城、乡规划体系融合探索,引导城乡空间的合理利用;城市反哺乡村阶段(2004—2011年),通过县域村镇体系规划及新农村建设实践,落实城乡统筹理念下的乡村建设及农业农村多功能发展任务;城乡融合发展阶段(2012—2018年),通过县域乡村建设规划指导乡村一二三产业融合发展所需的空间调整与项目建设需求。对国土空间规划制度下乡村空间规划方法的启示包括:基于“三农”政策与城乡发展方向思考乡村空间规划目标,建立规划与治理的一体化技术逻辑,探索指导空间优化的实用性村庄分类技术。Through an analysis on the“three rural issues”policy and urban-rural relationship under the influence of the macro socio-economic system after the founding of the People's Republic of China,this paper explores the external environment,internal motivation,and theoretical trends that have promoted the development of rural planning at different stages.Based on the allocation of urban and rural resources,the development of rural planning in China can be divided into five stages:(1)the stage of separated urban-rural management(1949-1980),in which agricultural production was improved through regional land planning;(2)the stage of improved urban-rural relationship(1981-1993),in which the comprehensive town/township planning was used to guide the construction of residential areas at different levels against the background of rural industrialization;(3)the stage of accelerated urban development(1994-2003),in which the exploration of integrating urban and rural planning systems at the county level was carried out to guide the reasonable utilization of urban and rural space;(4)the stage of rural development driven by urban development(2004-2011),in which rural construction and multifunctional development of agriculture and rural areas were implemented under the concept of urban-rural coordination through the village system planning at the county level and the new countryside construction;(5)the stage of integrated urban-rural development(2012-2018),in which the village construction planning at the county level was used to guide the spatial adjustment and project construction required by the integrated development of the primary,secondary,and tertiary industries.The paper offers inspirations for rural spatial planning methods under the territorial planning system:firstly,it is necessary to consider the rural spatial planning objectives based on the“three rural issues”policies and the urbanrural development trend;secondly,it is necessary to establish integrated technical logic for planning and governance;finally,it is

关 键 词：“三农”政策 城乡关系 乡村规划 技术演变 理论思潮 国土空间规划 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]