“隔离”与“汉化”之外——满文在清前期公文系统中的使用与纠偏  

Beyond Isolation and Sinicization:the Use and Correction of Manchu in Document Systemin the Early and Middle Period of Qing Dynasty

作　　者：牛贯杰[1] NIU Guanjie(School of History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《安徽史学》2023年第5期42-50,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：清朝的多语种公文奏报系统中,尤以满文和汉文最为重要,经历了从满汉文并重到强化满文的过程,乾隆时期甚至发动复兴新清语的社会政治运动。皇帝在理念上追求满汉公文系统并行以达“同文之盛”的目标,但在实践过程中,满汉平等“无异视”与“首崇满洲”两种观念始终存在博弈与竞争。清朝统治者既未文化隔离,又积极避免汉化,在两者之间不断纠偏,寻求平衡,这种情形在清实录、宫廷满文寄信档与地方珲春副都统衙门满文档中都能得到充分印证。Chinese and Manchu were the most important in the multilingual document system of the Qing Dynasty.This document system was transformed from the equality of Chinese and Manchu,to strengthening Manchu only,even the emperor Qianlong launched a socio-political movement of new Manchu.In ideology,the emperors of Qing Dynasty pursued the goal of the equality of Chinese and Manchu.But in practice,the concept of the equality of Manchu and Han and the idea of Manchu priority always game and competition.The rulers of Qing Dynasty neither chose the cultural isolation,nor the sinicization,and it was fully verified in Manchu archives both Jixin Archives and Hunchun Fu Dutong Yamen Archives.

关 键 词：公文系统 新清语 寄信档 珲春副都统衙门档案 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]