不同燃烧阶段的锂离子电池电解液燃烧烟颗粒特性研究  

Study on characteristics of fire smoke particles in electrolyte of lithium ion battery at different combustion stages

作　　者：杨泽伟 周勇[1] 程旭东[1] 全珈兴 YANG Zewei;ZHOU Yong;CHENG Xudong;QUAN Jiaxing(State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei Anhui 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2023年第9期12-19,共8页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：中国民航大学省部级科研机构开放基金项目(RZH2021-KF-06)。

摘　　要：为探究不同燃烧阶段锂离子电池电解液自身烟颗粒特性差别以及与正庚烷和煤油的差异,利用扫描电子显微镜观察不同燃烧阶段中,电解液、正庚烷和煤油明火燃烧时的烟颗粒形貌特征并进行粒径分析,研究不同电解液、正庚烷和煤油火灾烟颗粒特性随燃烧阶段的变化规律。研究结果表明:电解液明火烟颗粒为球形液滴,且不同燃烧阶段粒径差异显著,3种电解液(EC-DMC、EC-DEC、EC-DEC-DMC电解液,下同)燃烧烟颗粒早期粒径分别约为22.17,90.24,44.74 nm,早中期粒径分别约为205.48,245.82,275.82 nm;3种电解液燃烧烟颗粒形貌特征与正庚烷和煤油火灾烟颗粒不同,粒径差异显著,电解液燃烧烟颗粒较正庚烷和煤油燃烧烟颗粒在早期相差约110~140 nm,早中期相差约50~90 nm,中期相差约60~190 nm,末期相差约150~210 nm。研究结果可为电解液燃烧烟颗粒与正庚烷和煤油的燃烧烟颗粒光学散射模拟研究、电解液感烟火灾探测器的光学结构设计、快速识别及准确报警等研究提供参考。In order to explore the difference of smoke particle characteristics of electrolyte in lithium-ion battery and the difference with N-heptane and kerosene at different combustion stages,the scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to observe the morphological characteristics of smoke particles of electrolyte,N-heptane and kerosene at different combustion stages,and the particle size statistics were carried out to study the variation of smoke particle characteristics in electrolyte,n-heptane and kerosene fires with the combustion stage.The results show that the smoke particles of electrolyte fire are spherical droplets,and the difference of particle size at different combustion stages is significant.The particle sizes of smoke particles in the three kinds of electrolyte fire at early stage are 22.17 nm,90.24 nm and 44.74 nm,respectively,however the prometaphase particle sizes are 205.48 nm,245.82 nm and 275.82 nm,respectively.The morphology characteristics of smoke particles in the three kinds of electrolyte fire are different from those of N-heptane and kerosene,and the particle size is significantly different.The difference is 110~140 nm at the early stage,50~90 nm at the prometaphase,60~190 nm at the middle stage,and 150~210 nm at the last stage.The research results can provide reference for the establishment of light scattering model of smoke particles in electrolyte fire,numerical simulation of scattering characteristics,optical structure design,rapid identification and accurate alarm of electrolyte smoke fire detectors.

关 键 词：电解液火灾 燃烧阶段 烟颗粒 形貌特征 粒径分布 回转半径 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]