“空地水”一体化测绘技术在航道测量中的应用  

Application of“Air-Ground-Water”Integrated Surveying and Mapping system in Yangtze River Channel Survey

作　　者：张旻 ZHANG Min(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院有限公司,武汉430063

出　　处：《铁道勘察》2023年第5期29-35,共7页Railway Investigation and Surveying

摘　　要：航道测量主要包括RTK陆上地形测量、单波束水下地形水深测量等,测绘成果通常只能以坐标点、矢量线形式体现在图纸上,无法获取测区直观的影像资料,并且受现场测量技术和条件的制约,在测区较大、通航或施工繁忙等情况下,难以保证水上水下测量的时效性、一致性和完整性。结合无人机低空摄影测量、高精度单机RTK定位、三维激光与影像扫描、多波束扫测及单波束测量、无人测量船综合应用等多种高新测绘技术,研究了适用于长江航道的多平台、多方位协同采集与多源数据融合处理的作业方式,对所获取的各种数据的类型、格式、数据量等,依据统一的数据标准进行融合及加工,以用于数据融合展示与分析,并基于该作业方法开发了一套可满足各种航道测绘的多源数据融合处理及成果可视化展示平台。研究结果表明,该多波束测深精度达到0.3 m,激光点云的平面精度和高程精度均达到0.4 cm,达到了规范要求的精度水平。The conventional terrain and ground object data acquisition methods of the channel mainly include RTK land terrain measurement and single-beam underwater terrain depth measurement.The surveying and mapping results can only be reflected on the drawings in the form of coordinate points and vector lines,and the intuitive image data of the survey area cannot be obtained.Restricted by field measurement techniques and conditions,it is difficult to fully meet the needs of timeliness,consistency and integrity of underwater measurement objects in large,special or dangerous areas with tight measurement time,heavy tasks,navigation or busy construction.In this paper,combined with a variety of high-tech surveying and mapping technologies such as UAV low-altitude photogrammetry,high-precision single-machine RTK positioning,3D laser and image scanning,multi-beam scanning and single-beam measurement,and comprehensive application of unmanned measurement ships,the multi-platform multi-directional collaborative acquisition and multi-source data fusion processing suitable for the Yangtze River waterway were studied.The cooperative fusion processing technology of multi-source data was studied for the type,format and data volume of various data obtained.According to the unified data standard,processing and fusion were carried out for data fusion display and analysis.Based on the method,a set of multi-source data fusion processing and result visualization display platform which can meet the application requirements of various waterway surveying and mapping was developed.Combined with the practical application case of the Yangtze River waterway,the results show that the accuracy of the multi-beam sounding reaches 0.3 m,and the plane accuracy and elevation accuracy of the laser point cloud reach 0.4 cm,which meets the accuracy level required by the specification.

关 键 词：空地水一体化测绘 摄影测量 多波束扫测 多源数据 可视化 

分 类 号：U612[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] P237[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]