滩涂水产养殖池复垦种稻短期内土壤特性变化及水稻产量表现  

Short-Term Changes of Soil Characteristics and Rice Yield of Reclaimed Rice in Tidal Flat Aquaculture Ponds

作　　者：张蛟[1] 陈澎军 陈艳 韩继军 崔士友[1] Zhang Jiao;Chen Pengjun;Chen Yan;Han Jijun;Cui Shiyou(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226012,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Geological Bureau/Coastal Saline-Alkali Land Ecological Rehabilitation and Sustainable Utilization Technology Innovation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China;Rudong County Natural Resources and Planning Bureau,Rudong 226400,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226012 [2]江苏省地质局/自然资源部滨海盐碱地生态改良与可持续利用工程技术创新中心,江苏南京210007 [3]如东县自然资源和规划局,江苏如东226400

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第4期118-125,共8页Crops

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“提高盐胁迫下滩涂水稻穗粒数的技术研究”[CX(20)3118];南通市科技计划项目“沿海滩涂稻麦周年高产高效技术集成与应用”(MS22021040)。

摘　　要：为探明滩涂水产养殖复垦区种稻短期内土壤特性变化及水稻产量表现,选择复垦区荒地(0Y)作为对照,设置种稻1年(1Y)、2年(2Y)和3年(3Y)处理田块。结果表明,与0Y田块相比,种稻后在0~20cm土层中,电导率(EC)、pH、孔隙度、NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(˗)、速效钾和土壤水溶性有机碳(WSOC)/土壤有机碳(SOC)均有降低趋势,容重、SOC、总氮、WSOC和C/N均有增加趋势;在20~40cm土层中,EC、NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(˗)、SOC、总氮、WSOC、WSOC/SOC和C/N均与在0~20cm中有相似的变化趋势。随种植年限增加,0~20cm土层中,SOC、WSOC、有效磷和C/N均有增加趋势,速效钾和WSOC/SOC均有降低趋势;同时,1Y、2Y和3Y田块SOC含量相比0Y田块分别提高了32.18%、34.67%和111.03%,WSOC含量相比0Y分别提高了15.90%、11.82%和22.72%,且3Y田块显著高于1Y和2Y田块。种植年限2Y和3Y田块水稻产量相比1Y田块分别增加了26.33%和42.89%(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,水稻产量与穗粒数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此得出,滩涂养殖复垦区种稻短期内可以改善土壤质量,特别是有机碳和水溶性有机碳含量。同时,滩涂水稻产量提高主要是穗粒数增加引起的。To investigate the effects of rice cultivation on the short-term changes of soil characteristics and rice yield performance in the reclamation area of tidal flat aquaculture,a field experiment including 0 year’s field derived from the adjacent reclaimed land(CK,0Y),one year’s field(1Y),two years’field(2Y)and three years’field(3Y)for planting rice were conducted in the reclamation area of tidal flat aquaculture.The results showed that in the 0-20cm surface layer,soil EC,pH,porosity,NH_(4)^(+),NO_(3)^(˗),available K and water-soluble soil organic carbon(WSOC)/soil organic carbon(SOC)showed the decreasing trend,while soil bulk density,SOC,total nitrogen,WSOC and C/N showed the increasing trend.In the 20-40cm soil layer,EC,NH_(4)^(+),NO_(3)^(˗),SOC,total nitrogen,WSOC,WSOC/SOC and C/N showed similar trends as in the 0-20cm soil layer.In 0-20cm soil layer,SOC,WSOC,available P and C/N increased,while available K and WSOC/SOC decreased with the increase of planting years.Meanwhile,compared with those in 0Y plots,the SOC concentration in 1Y,2Y and 3Y plots were increased by 32.18%,34.67%and 111.03%,the WSOC concentration were increased by 15.90%,11.82%and 22.72%,respectively.And 3Y plots were significantly higher than those in 1Y and 2Y plots.Rice yield in 2Y and 3Y plots increased by 26.33%and 42.89%compared with 1Y plots(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that rice yield was significantly positively correlated with grain number per panicle(P<0.01).Therefore,we concluded that cultivation of reclaimed rice in the short term could improve the soil quality,especially the contents of organic carbon and water-soluble organic carbon.Meanwhile,the increase of grain number per panicle was the main reason for the increase of rice yield in tidal flat.

关 键 词：海水养殖池 滩涂种稻 水稻 滩涂复垦 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]