稻茬过晚播小麦高产密度和氮肥调控效应分析  

Analysis of High-Yielding Planting Density and Nitrogen Application in Super-Late Sowing Wheat Following Rice

作　　者：张明伟 丁锦峰 朱新开 郭文善 Zhang Mingwei;Ding Jinfeng;Zhu Xinkai;Guo Wenshan(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research Center,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Yangzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou 225000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州市农业农村局,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第4期126-135,共10页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32172111);江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室开放研究项目(YCSL202107)。

摘　　要：为了探索适宜过晚播小麦的高产稳产栽培技术,针对过晚播(较适播期推迟30d以上)小麦,采用播种密度、施氮量和氮肥运筹三因素裂区试验,研究不同栽培技术组合对产量、氮素利用率、品质以及经济效益的影响。结果表明,密度、施氮量以及氮肥运筹对过晚播小麦产量、氮素利用率、品质形成以及经济效益有显著的调控效应,产量随密度的增加呈先增后降趋势,以330万株/hm^(2)时产量最高;5:1:2:2与6:0:2:2氮肥运筹处理的产量高于4:2:1:3运筹处理。随密度和施氮量的增加,纯收入先增加后下降,6:0:2:2氮肥运筹处理的纯收入较高。在基本苗330万株/hm^(2)、施氮量225kg/hm^(2)、氮肥运筹5:1:2:2和6:0:2:2处理下,氮肥偏生产力、氮素生理效率、氮素表观利用率和产量均较高。随密度增加,蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,湿面筋含量与沉降值则先增加后降低,容重持续增加;随着施氮量增加,蛋白质、湿面筋含量及沉降值均增加,淀粉含量与容重表现则相反。综合考虑,扬麦23过晚播条件下适宜栽培技术组合为基本苗330万株/hm^(2)左右、施氮量225kg/hm^(2)、磷、钾肥用量均为90kg/hm^(2)、基肥:分蘖肥:拔节肥:孕穗肥=5:1:2:2或6:0:2:2时,可获得6750kg/hm^(2)以上目标产量。In order to explore the high and stable yield technology suitable for the late sowing wheat,three factors(planting density,nitrogen application rate and nitrogen fertilizer management)were used to test the effects of different cultivation techniques on yield,nitrogen use efficiency,quality and economic benefits by agronomic management under super-late sowing condition(more than 30 days than suitable sowing date).The results showed that density,N application rate,and nitrogen fertilizer management had significant regulatory effects on super-late sowing wheat yield,N use efficiency,quality formation,and economic benefits.With the increase of planting density,the yield presented a trend of first increased and then decreased.The yield was highest at density 3.30×10^(6)/ha;and the yields of 5:1:2:2 and 6:0:2:2 treatments were higher than that of 4:2:1:3 treatment.With the increase of density and nitrogen application rate,the net income first increased and then decreased,and the net income of 6:0:2:2 treatment was higher.Under the conditions of planting density 3.30×10^(6)/ha,nitrogen fertilizer 225kg/ha,nitrogen applied ratios of 5:1:2:2 and 6:0:2:2,the N fertilizer partial productivity,N physiological efficiency,N apparent utilization rate and yields were higher.As the planting density increased,the protein content showed a downward trend,the wet gluten content and sedimentation value first increased and then decreased,the bulk weight increased continuously.Increasing the nitrogen fertilizer,protein content,wet gluten content and sedimentation value all increased,the starch content and bulk weight were opposite.When the cultivation combination was planting density 3.30×106/ha,nitrogen fertilizer 225kg/ha,P and K fertilizers 90kg/ha,nitrogen applied ratios of basis:tillering:jointing:booting=5:1:2:2 or 6:0:2:2,Yangmai 23 could obtain target yield above 6750kg/ha under super-late sowing condition.

关 键 词：小麦 过晚播 产量 品质 氮效率 经济效益 高产栽培技术 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]