不同施氮水平对青贮玉米植株氮素积累和转运的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Nitrogen Accumulation and Transport in Silage Maize

作　　者：王丽萍 白岚方[1,2] 王天昊 王宵璇 白云鹤 王玉芬 Wang Liping;Bai Lanfang;Wang Tianhao;Wang Xiaoxuan;Bai Yunhe;Wang Yufen(College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010070,Inner Mongolia,China;Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Hohhot 010070,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [2]牧草与特色作物生物技术教育部重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第4期165-173,共9页Crops

基　　金：内蒙古大学校级大学生创新创业训练计划“不同氮素水平对青贮玉米植株氮素积累转运的影响(202014310)”;国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300309/01)。

摘　　要：为阐明内蒙古中部地区不同施氮水平下青贮玉米植株氮素积累和转运规律,明确当地适宜青贮的玉米种植最佳施氮量,以先玉335为试验品种,设置6个氮素水平,分别为0(N0)、120(N8)、180(N12)、240(N16)、300(N20)、360kg N/hm^(2)(N24),分析各处理在不同生育期的氮素积累转运特征以及整株产量和氮肥利用效率。结果表明,植株营养器官的的氮素积累量在大喇叭口期到抽雄期达到峰值,抽雄期后,氮素逐渐由营养器官向生殖器官转运;不同氮素水平会对植株的氮素积累量产生显著影响,2018和2019年,施氮处理的氮素积累量比未施氮处理(N0)分别高出87.13%~119.34%和51.38%~68.48%;施入氮肥会增加营养器官的氮素转运量,但会不同程度地降低各器官的氮素转运率,氮素主要由茎和叶转运到籽粒中,施入氮肥可明显促进花后籽粒自身的氮素积累;施入氮肥能显著提高青贮玉米产量,2018和2019年分别为N20和N16处理产量最高,分别为31.51t和27.09t/hm^(2);各处理的氮肥利用率均随着施氮量的增加呈下降趋势。综合分析得出,N16处理(240kg N/hm^(2))为内蒙古中部呼和浩特地区较适宜的施氮水平。To clarify the rules of nitrogen accumulation and translocation of silage maize under different nitrogen levels,and to determine the optimal nitrogen application level for silage maize in central Inner Mongolia,Xianyu 335 was taken as an example and six nitrogen levels,0(N0),120(N8),180(N12),240(N16),300(N20),360kg N/ha(N24),were set.We analyzed the nitrogen accumulation and transport characteristics of each treatment at different growth stages,as well as the whole plant yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under different nitrogen application conditions.The results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen in plant vegetative organs reached the peak from big flared stage to tasseling stage,and nitrogen was gradually transferred from vegetative organs to reproductive organs after tasseling stage.Different nitrogen levels had significant effects on plant nitrogen accumulation.Nitrogen accumulation under nitrogen application conditions were 87.13%-119.34%and 51.38%-68.48%in 2018 and 2019,respectively,higher than that without nitrogen application treatment.Nitrogen fertilizer increased the nitrogen transport capacity of vegetative organs,however,the nitrogen transport rate of each organ was reduced to some extent.In addition,nitrogen transport contributed to grains mainly from stems and leaves,and nitrogen application significantly promoted the accumulation of nitrogen in grains after anthesis.Nitrogen application could significantly improve the yield of silage maize,and in 2018 and 2019,the N20 and N16 treatments had the highest yields of 31.51t/ha and 27.09t/ha,respectively.The nitrogen use efficiency of all treatments showed a decreasing trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Comprehensive analysis showed that N16 treatment(240kg N/ha)was a suitable nitrogen application level in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 先玉335 氮素积累转运 产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S548