京津唐夏玉米区生产现状调研分析  

The Production Status Investigation and Analysis of Summer Maize in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Region

作　　者：李雨新 卢敏[1] 赵久然[2] 王荣焕[2] 徐田军[2] 吕天放 蔡万涛 张勇 薛洪贺 刘月娥[2] Li Yuxin;Lu Min;Zhao Jiuran;Wang Ronghuan;Xu Tianjun;LüTianfang;Cai Wantao;Zhang Yong;Xue Honghe;Liu Yueʼe(Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 100096,China;Maize Research Center,Beijing Academy of Agriculture&Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院,北京100096 [2]北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京100097

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第4期174-181,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300106);国家自然科学基金项目(32172113)。

摘　　要：京津唐夏玉米区位于我国冬小麦―夏玉米轮作区的最北部,玉米生长期间光热资源比较紧张,分析该区玉米生产中存在的主要问题及对策,尤其是品种选用的问题,对稳定该区域玉米产量意义重大。本研究通过对北京、天津和唐山具有典型土壤和气候特征的区、镇、村的农户发放调查问卷的形式,对农户生产情况进行调研,2016-2017年共发放720份,收回有效调查问卷445份,分析发现,京津唐夏玉米产量范围为4500~12750kg/hm^(2),平均产量9003kg/hm^(2)(变异系数12.82%),产量≤8250kg/hm^(2)的农户占比最大为34.17%。京津唐玉米平均种植密度为63945株/hm^(2),28.87%的农户玉米种植密度低于60000株/hm^(2)。被调研农户选用玉米品种多达61个,但被农户利用较高的品种过于单一,高达55个品种的农户使用率不足3.00%。同时,农户选用的玉米品种生育期较长,环境积温保障率过高,超过82.35%的玉米品种环境积温保障率>90.00%,不利于当地玉米稳产和高产。Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan summer maize region located in the northernmost part of the winter wheat-summer maize rotation region in China,and the light and heat resources are very scarce during the growth period.Analyzing the main problems and countermeasures in maize production in this area,especially the problem of variety selection,is of great significance to stabilize maize yield of the region.In this study,we investigated the production situation of farmers in Beijing,Tianjin and Tangshan in the form of issuing questionnaires to farmers in districts,towns and villages with typical soil and climate characteristics,a total of 720 questionnaires were issued from 2016 to 2017,and 445 valid questionnaires were recovered.The findings were as follows,the maize yield of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan summer maize region ranged from 4500kg/ha to 12750kg/ha(coefficient of variation was 12.82%),and the average maize yield was 9003kg/ha.Farmers whose maize yield lower than 8250kg/ha accounted for the largest proportion,as high as 34.17%.The average planting density of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan summer maize region was 63945 plants/ha,and the 28.87%of farmers grew maize with a planting density lower than 60000plants/ha.There are 61 maize varieties was cultivated in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan summer maize region.However,There were fewer varieties with higher utilization rate used by farmers,the utilization rates of 55 varieties were less than 3.00%.Meanwhile,the maize varieties selected by farmers had a long growth period,and accumulated temperature guarantee rates of 82.35%maize varieties were more than 90.00%,which was not conductive for maize high and stable yield.

关 键 词：京津唐地区 夏玉米 产量 种植密度 品种选择 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]