优异糯高粱不育系吉5535A的创制与应用  

Breeding and Application of Elite Waxy Sorghum Male Sterile Line“Ji 5535A”

作　　者：陈冰嬬[1] 于淼 石贵山[1] 王江红[1] 唐玉劼 徐晨[1] 李海青[1] 徐宁[1] 周紫阳[1] 王鼐[1] Chen Bingru;Yu Miao;Shi Guishan;Wang Jianghong;Tang Yujie;Xu Chen;Li Haiqing;Xu Ning;Zhou Ziyang;Wang Nai(Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第4期260-266,共7页Crops

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金吉林省基础研究专项(202002068JC);吉林省科技发展计划资助项目(20210202116NC);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-A10)。

摘　　要：为选育适合春播早熟区种植的抗病性强、品质优良的糯高粱不育系,以配合力高、抗病性强、品质优良的粳高粱骨干保持系吉2055B为母本,以406B和糯性保持系ICS-34B杂交后代的矮秆糯质中间材料为糯质供体,利用5年时间经过1代杂交、10代自交和5代回交转育培育出品质优良、抗病性强的优异糯质不育系吉5535A。吉5535A籽粒品质优良,含支链淀粉99.17%、粗蛋白14.29%、粗脂肪3.15%、单宁0.01%、赖氨酸0.33%,千粒重达27.2g。其抗病性强,高抗高粱丝黑穗病、抗炭疽病、抗靶斑病、中抗茎基腐病。由分子标记分析可得,吉5535A的Waxy基因等位突变属于wxb类型突变。吉5535A与低单宁恢复系可组配出优质饲用、食用高粱杂交种,与高单宁恢复系又可组配出优质酿酒高粱杂交种,是培育酿造专用、籽粒饲用、食用杂交种的优良不育系。吉5535A拓宽了糯质不育系的遗传基础,为我国高粱不育系改良提供了优异种质,提升了春播早熟区糯高粱杂交种的产量和品质,促进了本生态区酿酒、籽粒饲用和食用杂交种的培育。To breed elite waxy sorghum male sterile lines for early-maturing area in China,Ji 2055B was selected as female parent,a elite non-waxy sorghum maintainer line with strong combining ability,strong disease resistance and excellent grain quality,a dwarf waxy material from the progeny of non-waxy maintainer line 406B and waxy maintainer line ICS-34B was used as waxy donor.Through crossing of one generation,selfing of ten generations and backcrossing of five generations in five years,the elite waxy sorghum male sterile lines Ji 5535A were successfully bred.Ji 5535A had good grain quality,its amylopectin content was 99.17%,crude protein content was 14.29%,crude fat content was 3.15%,tannin content was 0.01%,lysine content was 0.33%,and 1000-grain weight reached 27.2g.Ji 5535A had strong disease resistance,high resistance to sorghum head smut,resistance anthracnose and target leaf spot,moderate resistance to stalk rot.The waxy allele of Ji 5535A was wxb by molecular marker analysis.High-quality forage and edible sorghum hybrids could be bred through Ji 5535A and low tannin restorer lines,and high-quality brewing sorghum hybrids could be bred through Ji 5535A and high tannin restorer lines.The resulted revealed that Ji 5535A was an excellent male sterile line for cultivating brewing,grain forage and edible sorghum hybrids.Ji 5535A expanded the genetic basis of waxy male sterile lines and provided excellent germplasm for the improvement of sorghum male sterile lines in China.Meanwhile,it improved the yield and quality of waxy sorghum hybrids in early maturing area,and promoted the cultivation of brewing,forage and edible sorghum hybrids.

关 键 词：高粱 糯性 雄性不育系 吉5535A 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]