新型氮肥对水稻生长、氮肥利用率和经济效益的影响  

Effects of New Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Growth,Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Economic Benefit

作　　者：刘艳[1] 曲航 邢月华[1] 王晓辉[2] 宫亮[1] Liu Yan;Qu Hang;Xing Yuehua;Wang Xiaohui;Gong Liang(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resource,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,Liaoning,China;Wafangdian Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Wafangdian 116300,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]瓦房店市农业技术推广中心,辽宁瓦房店116300

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第5期110-116,共7页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200200,2017YFD0300702)。

摘　　要：新型氮肥是提高水稻产量和氮肥利用率,减少氮损失的有效措施之一,研究不同类型适合辽河平原区水稻施用的新型氮肥及施肥方式,以实现北方粳稻高产高效。在等氮量210kg/hm^(2)施用条件下,设置控失尿素、含锌尿素和腐植酸尿素不同新型氮肥处理,以普通尿素作为对照,研究其对水稻产量构成因素、氮素吸收利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,新型氮肥能够提高后期水稻株高9.68%~17.07%,同时促进有效分蘖的形成,使水稻成穗率提高了21.28%~27.90%;控失尿素、含锌尿素和腐植酸尿素有利于提高水稻有效穗数、穗粒数和穗长,并与产量呈极显著或显著正相关关系,与普通尿素处理相比,水稻产量分别增加6.09%、5.65%和3.26%,氮肥利用率分别提高了23.30%、26.21%和30.42%,经济效益提高了5.80%~10.25%。而控失尿素一次性施肥处理与普通尿素相比减产17.17%,经济效益降低了35.5%。因此,辽河平原地区水稻种植适宜施用控失尿素、腐植酸尿素和含锌尿素3种新型肥料,同时结合基追的施肥方式可提高水稻产量、氮肥利用率和经济效益。The new type of nitrogen fertilizer is one of the effective measures to increase rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate and reduce nitrogen loss.In order to achieve high yield and high efficiency of japonica rice in northern China,different types of new nitrogen fertilizers and fertilization methods suitable for rice application in Liaohe Plain were studied.Loss-controlled urea,urea containing zinc and humic acid urea were used to determine their effects on rice yield,economic benefit,nitrogen uptake and use efficiency under N 210kg/ha,and conventional urea was set as control.The results showed that the new types of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the growth of plant height by 9.68%-17.07%,and the formation of effective tillering of rice,and panicle formation rate was increased by 21.28%-27.90%.The application of urea loss-controlled,zinc containing urea and humate urea increased the rice effective panicles,grain number per panicle and panicle length,and had a significant positive correlation with yield.Compared with conventional urea treatment increased the rice yield by 6.09%,5.65%and 3.26%,respectively,the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 23.30%,26.21%and 30.42%,respectively,and the economic benefit increased by 5.80%-10.25%.The basal application of losscontrolled urea reduced the yield of rice by 17.17%,economic benefit reduced by 35.5%.Therefore,there were three new types of fertilizers combined with basal and topdressing are suitable for rice planting in Liaohe Plain area,which can improve rice yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit.

关 键 词：新型氮肥 水稻 产量 氮肥利用率 经济效益 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]