精准条播育秧提高单季杂交稻机插稀植群体产量的效应分析  

Analysis on the Effects of Precision Drill Sowing in Machine Transplanting for Single-Season Hybrid Rice to Improve Yield of Sparsely Planted Population

作　　者：方文英[1] 朱德峰[2] 怀燕 陈佳麒 陈惠哲[2] 王亚梁 Fang Wenying;Zhu Defeng;Huai Yan;Chen Jiaqi;Chen Huizhe;Wang Yaliang(Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center of Yuhang District,Hangzhou 310000,Zhejiang,China;China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市余杭区农业技术推广中心,浙江杭州310000 [2]中国水稻研究所,浙江杭州310006 [3]浙江省农业技术推广中心,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第5期124-130,共7页Crops

基　　金：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(Y2022CG07);宁波市科技计划项目(2019B10003);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-02A);中国农业科学院创新团队项目;浙江省重点研发项目(2019C02017,2022C02034);中国水稻研究所所级重点研发项目(CNRRI-2020-03)。

摘　　要：为明确精准条播育秧提高单季杂交稻机插稀植群体产量的效应,以籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为供试品种,设置2个秧盘播种量处理(标准9寸秧盘45.7g/盘,R_(1);60.5g/盘,R_(2))和2种机插规格[30cm×21cm(D_(1));30cm×18cm(D_(2))],分析比较了传统撒播(BS)和精准条播(PS)机插群体的分蘖成穗特性、物质积累以及产量形成特性。结果表明,秧盘播种量增加可降低秧苗干物质积累和秧苗充实度,PS处理能够提高秧苗素质。PS处理显著提高机插质量,其漏秧率比BS处理降低11.1个百分点,PS机插每穴2~3苗的比例比BS提高109.7%,低播量下表现尤为明显。PS机插可提高分蘖速率与分蘖高峰苗数,低播量下表现尤为明显,D_(2)处理的群体分蘖高峰苗数和有效穗数高于D_(1)处理,R_(1)D_(2)PS处理有效穗数最高。水稻干物质积累表现为PS>BS、R_(1)>R_(2)、D_(2)>D_(1),R_(1)D_(2)PS处理干物质重最高。PS处理通过增加杂交稻稀植群体的有效穗数进而提高产量,与BS处理相比,PS处理产量平均增加13.8%。R_(1)处理产量高于R_(2)处理,随着机插密度提高有效穗数增加,但穗粒数下降,R_(1)D_(2)PS处理产量最高。综合来看,精准条播育秧机插可促进杂交稻分蘖发生,提高稀植群体有效穗数和干物质积累,进而提高杂交稻产量。In order to clarify the effects of precision drill sowing in machine transplanting for single-season hybrid rice to improve yield of sparsely planted population,the indica/japonica hybrid rice‘Yongyou 1540’was used as the material,and two seeding rate treatments of standard 9-inch seedling tray(45.7g/tray,R_(1);60.5g/tray,R_(2))and two machine transplanting specifications[30cm×21cm(D_(1));30cm×18cm(D_(2))]were set to compare the tillering characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yield formation of rice population between precision drill sowing(PS)and traditional broadcast sowing(BS)in machine transplanting.The results showed that the increase of seeding rate in seedling tray reduced the dry matter accumulation and plumpness of rice seedling,PS treatment significantly improved the seedling quality.Compared with BS treatment,PS treatment significantly reduced the missing hill percent by 11.1 percentage point,meanwhile increased the percentage of hill of 2-3 seedlings transplanted by 109.7%.PS treatment increased the tillering rate and the number of tillers at tillering peak stage of rice population,especially under the low seeding rates,and the number of tillers at tillering peak stage and the productive tillers were higher in D_(2) compared to D_(1),and the number of peak tillering seedlings and productive tillers were the highest under R_(1)D_(2)PS.The dry matter accumulation of rice population presented as PS>BS,R_(1)>R_(2),D_(2)>D_(1) among the treatments,and the treatment of R_(1)D_(2)PS presented the highest dry matter accumulation.PS treatment enhanced the rice yield by increasing the number of productive panicles.Compared with BS treatment,PS treatment increased the rice yield by 13.8%in average.Increasing of planting density increased the number of productive tillers,but slightly decreased the number of spikelet per panicle.PSR_(1)D_(2) presented the highest rice yield.In summary,precision drill sowing promoted the tiller occurrence,and increased the number of productive panicles and dry matter ac

关 键 词：籼粳杂交稻 机插 精准条播 分蘖成穗 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]