生物炭与磷肥配施对水稻生长发育及产量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Phosphate Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Yield

作　　者：刘慧[1] 龙学毅 焦岩 王丽红 Liu Hui;Long Xueyi;Jiao Yan;Wang Lihong(College of Arts and Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China;College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China;School of Water Conservancy&Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学文理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《作物杂志》2023年第5期238-248,共11页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51479033);黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z17017);农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室开放课题(2017009)。

摘　　要：为探明生物炭与磷肥配施对水稻生长发育及产量的影响,为黑土区保障粮食安全、提升化肥利用效率提供理论依据。采用盆栽试验,生物炭和磷肥用量各设置3个水平,分别为0(B1)、28(B2)、55t/hm^(2)(B3)和20(P1)、40(P2)、60kg/hm^(2)(P3),共9个水平组合,不施用生物炭和磷肥的常规处理(CK)作对照,研究控制灌溉条件下水稻生长发育与产量对生物炭和磷肥的响应。结果表明,B3P2处理较CK处理增产46.53%;相关分析表明,水稻光合效率与产量无显著相关关系,灌浆期叶面积指数、抽穗期地上部干物质积累量、有效穗数、穗粒数与产量有显著正相关关系,结实率与产量呈显著负相关。生物炭与磷肥配施能够提高水稻抽穗期和灌浆期株高,增大水稻各生育阶段叶面积指数,增加分蘖期和拔节期干物质积累量,提升拔节期水稻光合作用;B3P2处理各指标最佳;生物炭与磷肥配施能够有效增加水稻穗长,提高有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,进而显著提高水稻产量。试验区最佳生物炭、磷肥配施模式为生物炭用量56t/hm^(2)、磷肥用量43.75kg/hm^(2)。To investigate the effects of biochar combined with phosphorus fertilizer on the growth,development,and yield of rice,in order to provide a theoretical basis for ensuring food security and improving fertilizer utilization efficiency in black soil areas,using a pot experiment,three levels of biochar(0,28,55t/ha)and phosphorus fertilizer(20,40,60kg/ha)were set,a total of nine combinations,and the conventional treatment(CK)without biochar and phosphorus fertilizer as control,to study the response of rice growth,development,and yield to biochar and phosphorus fertilizer under controlled irrigation conditions.The results showed that the treatment(biochar was 55t/ha,phosphorus was 40kg/ha,B3P2)increased yield by 46.53%compared to CK treatment.Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between photosynthetic efficiency and yield,but there was a significant positive correlation between leaf area index during filling stage,aboveground dry matter accumulation during heading stage,effective panicles,and grains per panicle with yield,while there was a significant negative correlation between seed-setting rate and yield.The combination application of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer could improve the plant height during the heading and filling stages of rice,increase the leaf area index at each growth stage of rice,increase the accumulation of dry matter during the tillering and jointing stages,and enhance the photosynthesis of rice during the jointing stage.B3P2 treatment was the best treatment for all indicators.The combination of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer can effectively increase the length of rice panicles,increase the number of effective panicles,grains per panicle,and 1000-grain weight,thereby significantly improving rice yield.The optimal combination application mode of biochar and phosphorus fertilizer in the experimental area was 56t/ha of biochar and 43.75kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer.

关 键 词：生物炭 磷肥 水稻 农艺性状 光合作用 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]