湖北省玉米田杂草种类组成及群落特征  被引量:2

Weed Species Composition and Community Characterization in Maize Fields in Hubei Province

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作  者:于乐 李林[2] 黄红娟[1] 黄兆峰[1] 朱文达[2] 魏守辉[1] Yu Le;Li Lin;Huang Hongjuan;Huang Zhaofeng;Zhu Wenda;Wei Shouhui(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,Hubei,China;Jining Normal University,Ulanqab 012000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区:[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北武汉430064 [3]集宁师范学院,内蒙古乌兰察布012000

出  处:《作物杂志》2023年第5期272-279,共8页Crops

基  金:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200602);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY113200);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022)。

摘  要:为明确湖北省玉米田杂草区系和群落结构,采用倒置“W”取样法对湖北省玉米田杂草进行了抽样调查。结果表明,湖北省玉米田共发现杂草100种(变种),隶属于32科80属,其中菊科杂草最多,有25种;其次是禾本科杂草12种,蓼科7种,苋科5种。玉米田发生频度≥50%、综合优势度(RA)≥2.0的优势杂草有马唐、稗、铁苋菜、狗尾草、牛筋草、鳢肠和绿穗苋7种;发生频度<50%、局部地区RA≥4.0的区域性优势杂草有香附子、饭包草、尼泊尔蓼、虮子草、喜旱莲子草、鬼针草、苍耳、马齿苋、凹叶景天、粟米草、青葙和异型莎草12种;发生频度≥15%、局部地区RA<4.0的常见杂草有24种;其余一般杂草有57种。经香农指数、辛普森指数及均匀度指数分析,宜昌、恩施和咸宁地区玉米田杂草群落的物种多样性较高,荆门地区多样性最低。禾本科杂草已在玉米田占优势地位,前5位的禾本科杂草综合优势度达38.78%。To clarify the weedy flora and community structure of maize field in Hubei province,the weed in maize field in Hubei were surveyed by sampling methods of inverted W-pattern.The results showed that total 100 weed species(including varieties)belonging to 32 families and 80 genera were obtained in maize fields in Hubei,the most abundant weed species consisting of 25 weed species were found from family Asteraceae,which was followed by 12 species from Poaceae,seven species from Polygonaceae,and five species from Amaranthaceae.Among them,seven species with occurrence frequency≥50%and overall relative abundance(RA)≥2.0,Digitaria sanguinalis,Echinochloa crus-galli,Acalypha australis,Setaria viridis,Eleusine indica,Eclipta prostrata,and Amaranthus hybridus were considered as dominant weeds;The 12 species with occurrence frequency<50%and regional RA≥4.0,Cyperus rotundus,Commelina acutispatha,Persicaria nepalensis,Leptochloa panicea,Alternanthera philoxeroides,Bidens pilosa,Xanthium strumarium,Portulaca oleracea,Sedum emarginatum,Mollugo stricta,Celosia argentea and Cyperus difformis were regional dominant weeds;The 24 species with occurrence frequency≥15%and regional RA<4.0 were common weeds;and the remaining 57 species were normal weeds.Based on analysis of Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson’s index and evenness index,the species diversity of Yichang,Enshi and Xianning were relatively higher,and those of the lowest region was in Jingmen.Grass weeds occupied a position of prominence in maize field,and top five grass weeds represented 38.78%of overall relative abundance.

关 键 词:玉米 杂草群落 优势度 物种多样性 禾本科杂草 

分 类 号:S451.222[农业科学—植物保护]

 

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