邦联司法权与美国早期国家构建  

Confederation Judicial Authority and the Early National Building of the United States

作　　者：梁红光[1] Liang Hongguang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期173-184,共12页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目(19XSS002);国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BSS005)。

摘　　要：在美国邦联制下,为了维护各州的共同安全、增进各州的整体福祉等,邦联国会被授予立法权、行政权和司法权。邦联国会的司法权包括设立法院审判战利品上诉案件,以及对州际边界争端行使上诉终审权。邦联国会及其前身大陆会议为审判战利品上诉案件进行了制度探索,并坚持对所有战利品案件的上诉管辖权。邦联国会还组建临时法院解决州际边界争端。邦联司法权得到多数州的承认和支持,其运作整体而言比较顺畅,但不乏个别州不承认邦联司法权甚至拒绝执行邦联判决。美国建国者反思邦联司法权及其运作,设置独立的联邦司法机构并界定联邦司法权。邦联司法权及其运作表明,美国建国者最初构建的邦联制国家具有联盟式国家的基本特征,享有并行使此类国家的基本职权,且不断发展和完善,并非失败的国家。Under the United States Confederation system,Congress was granted legislative,executive,and judicial powers to maintain the common security of the states and enhance their overall well-being.Congress's judicial authority included establishing courts to adjudicate prize of war appeal cases and exercising final appellate jurisdiction over interstate boundary disputes.Congress,along with its predecessor,the Continental Congress,engaged in institutional exploration in adjudicating prize of war appeal cases and consistently asserted appellate jurisdiction over all prize cases.Congress also established ad hoc courts to resolve interstate boundary disputes.The judicial authority received recognition and support from most states,and its operation,on the whole,ran relatively smoothly,although some individual states refused to acknowledge its judicial authority or even refused to enforce congressional rulings.The Founding Fathers of the United States reflected on confederal judicial authority and its operation,leading to the establishment of independent federal judicial institutions and the delineation of federal judicial powers.The confederal judicial authority and its operation demonstrated that the initially constructed Confederation-style nation by the Founding Fathers of the United States had the fundamental characteristics of a federal nation.It exercised and continuously developed and improved the essential functions of such a nation.It was not a failed state but rather an evolving one.

关 键 词：美国早期 邦联制 邦联国会 州法院 司法权 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD916D771.2