东亚沙源地与下游影响区沙尘天气频数变化对比分析  

Comparison and Analysis of Sand-Dust Weather Frequency Changes between Sand Sources and Downstream Areas in East Asia

作　　者：杭月荷 姜学恭 云静波 衣娜娜 刘珂 HANG Yuehe;JIANG Xuegong;YUN Jingbo;YI Nana;LIU Ke(Meteorological Science Institute of Inner Mongolia,Huhhot 010051;Inner Mongolia Meteorological Observatory,Huhhot 01005l;Inner Mongolia Weather Modification Center,Huhhot 010051)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区气象科学研究所,呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古自治区气象台,呼和浩特010051 [3]内蒙古自治区人工影响天气中心,呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《气象科技》2023年第4期499-509,共11页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41965003);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2021MS04026)、(2022MS04018)资助。

摘　　要：基于1999—2019年地面气象观测资料,对东亚主要沙尘源地(蒙古国、中国新疆和内蒙古)及中国沙源地下游地区的沙尘天气频数演变特征进行了分析,结果表明:蒙古国是沙尘天气发生最严重的地区,且有明显增加的趋势,扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴均远高于其他区域。中国整体沙尘天气数量显著减少,新疆快速增多,内蒙古和下游地区明显减少。新疆浮尘发生频次最高,近21 a线性倾向呈明显上升趋势;内蒙古扬沙频次最高,强沙尘暴最少,4类天气均呈逐年减少趋势;我国下游地区多发浮尘和扬沙,沙尘暴和强沙尘暴发生次数很少,全部沙尘天气呈减少趋势。1999—2004年为我国沙尘天气高发期,2005—2019年明显减少,其中2010—2014年减少速度最快。沙尘源地对我国沙尘天气总数的贡献持续增大,从2000年初的39%增长到2015年之后的71%。作为沙尘源地,蒙古国对沙尘天气产生的作用有所增强,而内蒙古则在减弱;国内沙尘源地导致的能够影响并扩展至中国下游地区和下游国家的强沙尘天气显著减少。Based on the meteorological surface observation data from 1999 to 2019,the evolution characteristics of sanddust weather frequency in the main sand sources in East Asia(Mongolia,Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia)and the downstream areas in China are analyzed.The results show that the most severe sanddust weather is in Mongolia,which shows an increasing trend,with the highest numbers of sand,sandstorm and strong sandstorm days in all of the regions.The frequency of sanddust weather is reduced in China and increases rapidly in Xinjiang;moreover,it obviously reduces in Inner Mongolia and the downstream area.In Xinjiang,the frequency of dust weather is the highest,and shows an obvious increasing trend with linear tendency in the past 21 years.In Inner Mongolia,the sand blowing weather occure more frequently than other sanddust weather,while the strong sandstorm is relatively less.In addition,all kinds of sanddust weather are reduced.In the downstream area of China,dust and sand weather occurs frequently and decreases slightly.At the same time,sandstorms and strong sandstorms rarely occur.According to the interannual variations of sanddust weather in China,1999-2004 is the peak period,and 2005-2019 is obviously reduced,with 2010-2014 showing the fastest decline.The contribution of the sand sources to the total number of sanddust weather days in China has increased continuously,from 39%at the beginning of 2000 to 71%after 2015.As sand sources,Mongolia’s contribution to sanddust weather has increased,while Inner Mongolia’s has weakened.There is a significant reduction in the number of severe dust events that can affect and spread to the downstream areas of China and other downstream countries.

关 键 词：东亚 沙尘源地 沙尘天气 频数变化 

分 类 号：P466[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]