基于韧性和社会福利的应急医疗物资供应链均衡优化  

Equilibrium Optimization of the Supply Chain of Emergency Medical Supplies Based on Resilience and Social Welfare

作　　者：孙莹[1] 刘慧萍 颜瑞[1] 张群[1] SUN Ying;LIU Hui-ping;YAN Rui;ZHANG Qun(School of Economics and Management,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2023年第8期132-141,共10页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71802021);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(9232022);北京市哲学社会科学规划项目(21JCC089);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(FRF-BD-20-15A,FRF-BD-20-01C);北京市教委共建项目(BJSJ2020001)。

摘　　要：应急医疗物资是在突发事件中保障人民生命安全的重要物资,突发事件频发使其供应链中断的风险不断提高,严重影响了人们的生产活动和生命安全,提高其供应链的韧性迫在眉睫。本文构建了由供应商—制造商—需求市场构成的三级应急医疗物资供应链,利用SEIR传染病动力学模型进行需求预测,并通过多源采购和安全库存两种策略在供应链中预嵌韧性;同时考虑环境污染、资源消耗和政府补贴等社会福利因素,以最小化系统期望总成本和最大化需求总满足率构建双目标混合整数规划模型。探讨在考虑不同等级突发事件的情境下,具有韧性的应急医疗物资供应链各供应设施的选址和产量、设施间的供应关系及物流量、制造商的安全库存持有量及使用量;并通过算例、对比分析和敏感性分析验证了模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明:相对仅以期望总成本为导向的供应链网络结构,本文所构建的供应链将需求总满足率提高了16.84%,但期望总成本仅提高了2.10%;同时在应对突发公共卫生事件时具有更强的韧性。Emergency medical supplies are important materials to guarantee people's life safety in emergencies.Frequent public emergencies increase the risk of the interruption of the supply chain of emergency medical sup⁃plies,seriously impacting people's work and life safety.The immediate reason of supply chain disruption is the explosion of downstream demand for emergency medical supplies caused by public emergencies,and the root cause is the cost-oriented supply chain design of the enterprises,i.e.,reduction in inventory and highly concentrated raw material procurement by only a few enterprises for cost reduction.Therefore,it is imperative to improve the resilience of the supply chain of emergency medical supplies,such as by increasing redundancy and multi-source procurement.In the context of infectious public health emergencies,this paper constructs a three-level supply chain of emergency medical supplies,consisting of suppliers,manufacturers and market demand.The SEIR dynamics model is used to forecast the demand for emergency medical supplies,and resilience is embedded in its supply chain through multi-source procurement and increased redundancy.Meanwhile,considering the impact of the supply chain on social welfare,environmental pollution,resource consumption,government subsidies and other factors are quantified to constitute the total cost of the supply chain.Via mathematical modeling,a dual-objective mixed-integer programming model is constructed to take into account of both resilience and cost.The model minimizes the total expected cost and maximizes the total satisfaction rate of demand,aiming at solving the network design of the supply chain of emergency medical materials supply chain.The dual-objective model is then converted to a single-objective model by the weightedsum method,and the weight parameter is used to indicate the degree of emphasis on resilience and cost in decision-making.Finally,the validity of the model is verified via simulation,comparative analysis and sensitiv⁃ity analysis.The results in

关 键 词：应急医疗物资 供应链建模 韧性 社会福利 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] F252.21[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]