演化观中的声调类型:西南吴语案例  

The In-progress Tonal Evolution: Cases in Southwest Wu Dialect

作　　者：衣莉[1] 朱晓农 Yi Li;Zhu Xiaonong(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116;College of Ethnic Cultures,Yunnan Minzu University,Kunmin Yunnan 650031)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083 [2]江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]云南民族大学民族文化学院,云南昆明650031

出　　处：《语言科学》2023年第4期364-385,共22页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金(17BYY074)资助。

摘　　要：文章根据一手录音材料,从演化的角度来描写、分析吴语西南部的婺州和处衢片45个方言点的声调类型。西南吴语声调和语音的最大特点是:发声变化大而曲拱丰富。发声变化大主要有两点:有70%强的调系丢失了吴语最重要的气声特征,从而失去下域;有9个调系增生了假声/张声上域,占总数20%。曲拱丰富表现在:1)包括凹调、弯降和凸升的“拐调”特别多;2)新发现四种拐调调型:三种凹调和一种高凸升;3)作为极端例子,有两个调系中存在四个凹调的对立。确定调型应按类型学标准,而不是以往的音位或区别特征标准。文章对类型学标准的权重问题也做了讨论。The first-hand recording materials of the 45 dialect tone systems of Wuzhou and Chuqu Wu are used to explore the tonal pattern and its evolution path. The vital sound change of the Southwest Wu lies in the phonation variation and various contours appearing on the tones. There are two major changes: 70% of the tone systems in Southwest Wu dialects lose phonation type, which is the key characteristics of Wu language, thus losing the lower registers;nine tone systems proliferated higher register, accounting 20% of the total. Various contour tones perform in 1) dipping tones, concave falling tones, and convex rising tones appearing frequently;2) newly discovered quadruple contrast with contour tones: Three dipping tones and one high convex rising tone;3) as an extreme example, there are quadruple contrasts with four dipping tones in two dialects. The typological criteria, rather than the previous phonemic or feature criteria, should be used to determine the tone pattern, and the weight of which has also been discussed.

关 键 词：声调 拐调 声域 气声消失 假声增生 西南吴语 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]