黔西南地区水稻超高产原因分析  

Analysis on the Reasons for Super High Yield of Rice in Southwest Guizhou Region

作　　者：张发丽 王荣基 张恒栋 何志旺 张建冲 ZHANG Fali;WANG Rongji;ZHANG Hengdong;HE Zhiwang;ZHANG Jianchong(Qianxinan Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400,China)

机构地区：[1]黔西南州农业林业科学研究院,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《中国稻米》2023年第5期114-118,121,共6页China Rice

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划——农业领域重点项目“农作物和食用菌种质资源精准鉴定评价”(黔科合支撑[2022]重点025);贵州省水稻现代农业产业技术体系-黔西南综合试验站项目(GZCYTX2023-06001);黔西南州科技计划项目“杂交水稻毯苗机械化定量育插技术研究与示范”(2020-1-04);食用菌废弃菌渣施用对水稻产量和品质影响研究(2021-1-04)。

摘　　要：兴义市乐立村位于黔西南地区,是贵州省水稻超高产攻关、示范地区,在2020年、2021年、2022年的试验示范中,连续刷新贵州省主要水稻单产纪录,单产最高达1154.68 kg/667 m^(2)。分析水稻超高产的原因,发现主要有3点:1)选择适宜当地种植的品种,如甬优1540,该品种株型紧凑、分蘖力强、穗子长、每穗粒数多、结实率高、耐肥;2)环境条件适宜,无极端高低温,光热水资源丰富;3)栽培技术适宜:秧苗素质好,移栽密度适宜,肥水运筹精确,病虫害防治合理。Leli Village,Xingyi City,is located in the southwestern region of Guizhou Province.It is a demonstration area for super high yield rice production in Guizhou Province.In the experimental demonstrations in 2020,2021,and 2022,rice yield continuously broke the record in Guizhou Province,with a maximum yield of 1154.68 kg/667 m^(2).From the analysis of three aspects of variety characteristics,environmental conditions and cultivation measures,it is found that there are three reasons for obtaining super high yield of rice:1)Select varieties suitable for local planting,such as Yongyou 1540 which has compact plant type,strong tillering ability,long panicle,more grains per panicle,high seed setting rate and fertilizer tolerance.2)Suitable environmental conditions,no extreme high or low temperatures,abundant light,heat and water resources;3)Suitable cultivation techniques:good seedling quality,suitable transplanting density,accurate fertilizer and water management,and reasonable diseases and insect pests control.

关 键 词：水稻 超高产 品种特性 环境条件 栽培措施 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学]