纳米铝粉的反应性研究进展及趋势  

Research progress and trends of combustion assisted technology for nanoaluminum powder

作　　者：郭惠丽[1] 张为鹏[1] 赵昱[1] 庞维强[1] GUO Huili;ZHANG Weipeng;ZHAO Yu;PANG Weiqiang(Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,西安710065

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2023年第9期86-92,共7页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22175139)。

摘　　要：铝粉是火炸药行业中最常用的金属燃料,其反应特性直接影响着火炸药能量性能的释放。比较了纳米铝粉和微米铝粉的反应性差异,总结了纳米铝粉在炸药和推进剂中的应用进展。在点火性能、燃烧性能和反应完全性及对混合炸药爆轰性能和推进剂燃烧性能的影响方面,纳米铝粉的反应性远高于微米铝粉。将纳米铝粉应用于混合炸药中,可以改善混合炸药的多项性能,如爆速、爆热、冲击波超压峰值等;将纳米铝粉应用于推进剂,可以显著提高燃速、改善燃烧产物性状等。指出纳米铝粉的高反应活性,使得高纯度的纳米铝粉的制备及贮存极其困难,建议加大高纯度纳米铝粉的制备及贮存技术的研究。研究结果为纳米铝粉在火炸药中的应用提供重要参考。Aluminum powder is the most commonly used metal fuel in the industry of explosives and propellants,and its reaction characteristics directly affect the release of energy performance of explosives and propellants.The reactivity differences between nanoaluminum powder and microaluminum powder are compared in the paper.The application of nanoaluminum in explosives and propellants are summarized in the thesis systematically.It is clear that the reactivity of nanoaluminum powder is much higher than that of microaluminum powder in terms of ignition performance,combustion performance and reaction completeness,as well as the influence on the detonation performance of mixed explosives and the combustion performance of propellants.The application of nanoaluminum powder in mixed explosives can improve many properties of mixed explosives,such as detonation velocity,detonation heat,and peak value of shock wave overpressure.Applying nanoaluminum powder to propellants can significantly increase the burning rate and improve the properties of combustion products.It is pointed out that the high reactivity of nanoaluminum powder makes the preparation and storage of high-purity nanoaluminum powder extremely difficult.It is recommended to increase research on the preparation and storage technology of high-purity nano aluminum powder.The research results provide important references for the application of nano aluminum powder in explosives and propellants industry.

关 键 词：纳米铝粉 反应性 反应完全性 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]