风险视角下数字平台私权力的法律规制  

The Legal Regulation of Digital Platform Private Power from the Perspective of Risk

作　　者：贺溦 张旖华 邓沛东 HE Wei;ZHANG Yihua;DENG Peidong(Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710048,China;Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学,陕西西安710048 [2]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《西安财经大学学报》2023年第5期105-117,共13页Journal of Xi’an University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“健全境外投资促进与保障法律体系研究”(21AZD065)。

摘　　要：数字技术极化使得大型数字平台创制出具有准公性质的私权力,未经妥当规制将引发微观个体、宏观国家等层面的风险,表现为个体进入孤立无援的风险关系,个人隐私被过度收集和使用,以数据跨境为代表的跨国经济行为放大国家面临的网络安全风险等。从规制理论来看,作为规制对象的数字平台私权力兼具人源性与物源性特征,其演变具有动态性与系统性特征,这对作为规制手段的法律系统提出统一价值理性与工具理性、注重个体主体地位、优化规制工具的要求。在实践中,欧盟与美国分别建立起以公共利益和实质规制效果为逻辑起点的私权力规制模式,其经验可资借鉴。在此基础上,我们根据数字平台角色的不同,提出对不同层面风险规制完善建议,包括探索依场景的数据分类监管,加重平台隐私保护责任,将用户协议、算法技术等纳入公法规制轨道,“因业制宜”地制定数字行业监管规则,引入正当程序权力约束规则等。The polarization of digital technology enables large-scale digital platforms to create quasi-public private power.Without proper regulation,it will lead to risks at the level of micro-individuals and macro-states.It is manifested as individuals entering an isolated and helpless risk relationship,personal privacy is excessively collected and used,and transnational economic behavior represented by cross-border data amplifies the cybersecurity risks faced by countries.From the perspective of regulation theory,the private power of digital platforms as the object of regulation has both the characteristics of human origin and material origin,and its evolution has the characteristics of dynamic and systematic.This puts forward the requirements of unifying value rationality and instrumental rationality,focusing on individual subject status,and optimizing regulatory tools for the legal system as a regulatory means.In practice,the European Union and the United States have respectively established a private power regulation model with public interests and substantive regulatory effects as the logical starting point,and their experience can be used for reference.On this basis,we put forward suggestions for improving risk regulation at different levels according to the different roles of digital platforms.This includes exploring the classification and supervision of data based on scenarios,increasing the responsibility for privacy protection of the platform,incorporating user agreements and algorithm technologies into the track of public law regulation,formulating digital industry regulatory rules‘according to industry conditions’,and introducing due process and other power constraints.

关 键 词：平台私权力风险 数字治理 风险规制理论 数字平台规制 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]