轻质超材料板结构的隔声机理及调控规律  

Sound Insulation Mechanisms and Behavior of Lightweight Metamaterial Plate

作　　者：王帅星 肖勇[1] 汤晏宁 吴健 滕万秀 温激鸿[1] WANG Shuaixing;XIAO Yong;TANG Yanning;WU Jian;TENG Wanxiu;WEN Jihong(Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support,College of Intelligence Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073;CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学智能科学学院装备综合保障技术重点实验室,长沙410073 [2]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,长春130062

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第15期94-109,共16页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上(51875569);国家自然科学基金重大(11991032);国铁集团科研(P2021035)资助项目。

摘　　要：超材料板结构因具有低频超常隔声性能,得到了噪声控制研究领域的广泛关注。然而已有超材料板结构普遍存在结构构造复杂的不足,不利于大规模工程应用。研究了一种结构形式简单的轻质超材料板结构的低频隔声特性,该结构由薄板上附加周期性排布的条状质量块构成。首先,建立了基于动态等效面质量密度快速提取的隔声性能高效预报半解析方法,并实验验证了该半解析方法在不同入射声场条件下的有效性。计算及实验结果均表明,这种超材料板结构可以在低频范围打破质量定律限制,产生低频高效隔声性能。其次,通过分析超材料板结构的动态等效面质量密度和基板的振动形变位移,阐释了其低频隔声机理。最后,在保持超材料板结构的静态面质量密度不变的情况下,系统分析了材料/结构参数对其低频隔声性能的调控规律。研究表明,通过多参数联合调控,可以在保持静态面质量密度和隔声峰频率不变的前提下,显著拓宽其低频隔声带宽,提出了若干低频宽带隔声设计准则。论文研究为这种超材料板结构的低频宽带隔声应用设计提供了理论与方法支持。Sound insulation of a lightweight metamaterial plate structure composed of a thin host plate with periodically attached strip mass blocks is studied.To efficiently predict the sound insulation performance,a semi-analytical method based on fast retrieving of dynamic effective surface mass density is established by using a pure structural finite element modeling.The effectiveness of the semi-analytical method under different incident sound field conditions is verified by experimental test of large-scale specimens.Our predictions and measurements both demonstrated that the metamaterial plate can break the mass law,achieving very high sound transmission loss(STL) in the low frequency range.Furthermore,by analyzing the dynamic effective mass density of the metamaterial plate structure and the vibration deformation field of the host plate,the mechanisms of low-frequency sound insulation were revealed.Moreover,by fixing the static surface mass density of the metamaterial plate,the effects of various material/structure parameters of metamaterial plate structure on the properties of the low-frequency sound insulation ware examined.The results suggested that by jointly adjusting multi-parameters,the low-frequency bandwidth can be significantly broadened in the premise of the STL peak frequency unchanged.The work provides guidelines for the low-frequency and broadband sound insulation design of the metamaterial plate structure.

关 键 词：超材料板 隔声 低频 传声损失 

分 类 号：TB535[理学—物理]