基于虚拟传感的薄板结构辐射声主动控制研究  

Active Control of Radiated Sound from Thin Plate Structures Based on Virtual Sensing

作　　者：王攀[1] 周小宝 杨欣欣 褚志刚[1] WANG Pan;ZHOU Xiaobao;YANG Xinxin;CHU Zhigang(College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学机械与运载工程学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第15期121-130,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11774040);重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项(cstc2019jscx-zdztzx X0042)资助项目。

摘　　要：为抑制薄板辐射低频噪声,以局部覆盖宏纤维复合材料压电片的对边固支矩形薄板为对象,围绕其辐射声的主动控制展开研究。首先,采用有限元法建立薄板的动力学模型,并通过模态试验验证,在此基础上通过单元辐射体法建立薄板的声辐射模型;其次,结合结构辐射模态和空间可控性构建了结构-声可控性指标,并采用离散萤火虫算法对作动器位置进行了优化;然后采用空间梯度加权求和控制策略,引入基于结构响应传递率的虚拟传感器,实现单误差传感的结构声主动控制,并采用归一化动量Fx LMS算法完成了控制器的设计;最后进行了数值仿真和快速控制原型试验的研究。结果表明:引入虚拟传感器后减少了误差传感器使用数量,且主动控制控制效果无明显衰减;以结构-声可控性指标为目标优化作动器位置取得更好的效果;多种激励下薄板辐射声主动控制实际效果显著。To suppress the low frequency radiation noise of thin plate,the clamped-clamped rectangular thin plate with partial Macro Fiber Composite piezoelectric is taken as the research object.The related research on the radiation sound active control of the thin plate is carried out.Firstly,the dynamic model of the thin plate structure is established based on the finite element method and verified by the modal test.On this basis,the acoustic radiation model of the thin plate is established based on the elemental radiators method.Secondly,the structure-acoustic controllability index is constructed by combining the structure-dependent radiation modes and the spatial controllability,and the discrete firefly algorithm is used to optimize the actuator positions.Then,the weighted sum of spatial gradients control strategy is adopted for active structural acoustic control,and virtual sensors based on the structural response transmissibility is introduced to realize single error sensing.And the controller is developed by adopting the normalized moment Fx LMS algorithm.Finally,the numerical simulation and rapid control prototype experiment are performed.The results demonstrate that the control effect of active control has no significant attenuation after introducing virtual sensors,and the number of error sensors can be reduced.Better results are achieved by optimizing the actuator positions with the structure-acoustic controllability index as the target.The practical effect of active control of thin plate radiated sound under various excitations is remarkable.

关 键 词：结构声 主动控制 空间梯度加权求和 作动器位置优化 虚拟传感 

分 类 号：U464[机械工程—车辆工程]