稀土基室温磁工质的开发与磁制冷机的研究进展  

Development of Rare Earth Based Room Temperature Magnetic Refrigerants and Progress in Magnetic Refrigerators

作　　者：高磊 黄焦宏[1] 张英德[1] 金培育[1] 戴默涵 刘翠兰[1] 程娟[1] 郭亚茹 王鹏宇 裴昊 GAO Lei;HUANG Jiao-hong;ZHANG Ying-de;JIN Pei-yu;DAI Mo-han;LIU Cui-an;CHENG Juan;GUO Ya-ru;WANG Peng-yu;PEI Hao(National Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization,Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths,Baotou 014030,China)

机构地区：[1]包头稀土研究院白云鄂博稀土资源研究与综合利用全国重点实验室,内蒙古包头014030

出　　处：《稀土》2023年第4期91-107,I0004,共18页Chinese Rare Earths

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2021)—稀土新材料(2021YFB3501200)资助项目;工业机柜磁制冷散热系统研究(2021Z2337)。

摘　　要：作为一种固态制冷技术,室温磁制冷技术具有环境友好、能效高、运行可靠等优点,被公认有望替代传统的气体压缩制冷。磁制冷技术利用磁工质的磁热效应和主动式磁蓄冷技术实现制冷,主要集中于具有大磁热效应的磁工质的研发、永磁系统的设计以及换热系统的优化。二十世纪末至今,中国、美国、丹麦、德国、意大利、法国、斯洛文尼亚等国家先后开展了磁制冷方面的相关研究。本研究主要综述了现已在磁制冷机中取得应用的室温磁工质和室温磁制冷机所能达到的性能指标。已取得应用的室温磁工质可分为一级相变材料和二级相变材料,一级相变材料主要指La(Fe,Si)_(13)基化合物,二级相变材料主要是金属Gd及其合金,为室温磁制冷机中普遍采用的磁工质。根据运行方式的不同,室温磁制冷机可分为往复式磁制冷机和旋转式磁制冷机。从运行频率、磁工质、温跨、制冷能力等方面,本研究对比了不同典型的室温磁制冷机的性能。As a solid refrigeration technology,room temperature magnetic refrigeration technology has the advantages of environmental friendliness,high energy efficiency and reliable operation,and is expected to replace the traditional gas com-pression refrigeration.Magnetic refrigeration technology is based on magnetocaloric effect of magnetic refrigerants and active magnetic regenerators technology to achieve refrigeration,mainly focusing on the development of magnetic refrigerants with large magnetocaloric effect,the design of permanent magnet system and the optimization of heat exchange system.At present,China,the United States,Denmark,Germany,Italy,France,Slovenia and other countries have carried out relevant research on magnetic refrigeration.In this paper,the application of room temperature magnetic refrigerants and the performance of room temperature magnetic refrigerators are reviewed.The applied room temperature magnetic refrigerants can be divided into first order transition materials and second order transition materials.The first order transition materials mainly refer to La(Fe,Si)_(13)-based compounds,and the second order transition materials are mainly metal Gd and its alloy,which are widely used in room temperature magnetic refrigerators.According to the dfferent operation modes,the room temperature magnetic refrigera-tors can be divided into reciprocating magnetic refrigerators and rotary magnetic refrigerators.The performance of different typi-cal room temperature magnetic refrigerator is compared from the aspects of operating frequency,magnetic refrigerants,temper-ature span,refrigeration capacity and et al.

关 键 词：室温磁制冷 磁热效应 磁制冷机 金属Gd及合金 La(Fe Si)13基化合物 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TB612