基于三维激光扫描的施工建筑平整度检测方法  

Construction Building Flatness Detection Method Based on 3D Laser Scanning

作　　者：吴国强 俞家勇 马巍 常虎 韦宗成 许杰 蒋雪静 Wu Guoqiang;Yu Jiayong;Ma Wei;Chang Hu;Wei Zongcheng;Xu Jie;Jiang Xuejing(College of Civil Engineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,Anhui,China;ND Construction Co.,Ltd of China Construction 5TH Engineering Bureau,Hefei 230000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学土木工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]中建五局第二建设有限公司,安徽合肥230000

出　　处：《激光与光电子学进展》2023年第16期249-255,共7页Laser & Optoelectronics Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42106180);2022年安徽省住房城乡建设科学技术计划项目(2022-YF169);安徽省高校省级自然科学研究项目(KJ2021A0612)。

摘　　要：针对传统施工建筑平整度检测方法效率低、检测结果受人为主观因素影响较大等问题,提出一种基于三维激光扫描的平整度检测方法。首先,利用三维激光扫描仪对目标建筑进行数据采集、处理和拼接,获得高精度三维点云数据;其次,结合建筑平整度检测特点设计了一种非均匀抽稀方法,用于无损保留墙面凹凸特征;然后,利用随机抽样一致性算法结合特征值法,对建筑点云数据进行自动化特征提取与平面拟合,获得待检测墙面几何参数;最后,依据平整度检测原理,利用拟合平面与点云数据拓扑空间关系,设计了一种基于三维激光扫描的施工建筑平整度检测方法。实验结果表明:所提非均匀抽稀方法能够有效完成点云数据抽稀工作,抽稀比达55.4%,且能够无损保留墙面凹凸特征;基于三维激光扫描的平整度检测方法理论可行,精度可靠,较传统检测方法,效率提高了23.33%,且更加全面。To overcome the low efficiency of traditional methods in detecting construction building flatness and the considerable influence of human factors on these detection results,this study proposes a flatness-detection method based on three dimensional(3D)laser scanning.First,a 3D laser scanner was used to collect,process,and stitch the data related to the target building to obtain high-precision 3D point-cloud data.Second,based on the characteristics of the building flatness,a nonuniform thinning method was designed to preserve the concave and convex characteristics of the wall.Third,the random sampling consistency algorithm and the eigenvalue method were used to automatically extract and fit point-cloud data related to the building to obtain the geometric parameters of each wall to be detected.Finally,a flatnessdetection method for construction buildings employing 3D laser scanning was designed based on the topological-spatial relationship between a fitting plane and the point cloud data.The results of this study show that the proposed nonuniform thinning method can effectively realize the thinning of point-cloud data.In addition,the data thinning ratio reaches 55.4%and the concave and convex characteristics of the wall surface can be preserved without loss.Furthermore,the proposed flatness detection method is theoretically feasible,exhibits reliable accuracy,and achieves a detection efficiency that is 23.33%higher compared with that achieved by traditional detection methods.

关 键 词：检测 三维激光扫描 点云抽稀 平整度检测 

分 类 号：P258[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]