《谷梁传》不喜“让国”的原因探析——基于原始儒家与春秋学的对比  

An Analysis of the Reasons Why Gu Liang Zhuan Dislikes“Handing Over the Crown”-Based on the Comparison Between Original Confucianism and the Spring and Autumn Annals Studies

作　　者：李洁 Li Jie

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2023年第3期1-17,197,共18页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：“崇让”是《春秋》的重要义理,但在此问题上,“三传”和《论语》《孟子》《荀子》看法各有不同。《公羊传》共提到七位“让国者”并热情赞扬他们,而《谷梁传》对其中六位进行抹杀,并贬低事迹仅存的隐公。《公羊传》近乎无条件地支持“让国”“让天下”,和《论语》思路最为接近。《孟子》支持“让国”“让天下”,但附加了考察条件。《荀子》允许“让国”而反对“让天下”。《谷梁传》则一概否定。其原因应在于“让国”挑战了《谷梁传》所重视的“尊卑”制度,因而消极处理“让国”是《谷梁传》的必然选择。通过对比,《谷梁传》解经主旨远离原始儒家的结论也越来越清晰。“Praising to the humility”is an important principle in the Spring and Autumn Annals.The Commentary of Gongyang(Gongyang Zhuan,公羊传)mentions seven“people who hand over the crown to another person”and warmly praises them.The Commentary of GuLiang(Guliang Zhuan,谷梁传)obliterates all six of them and belittles Lu Yingong,the only one left.On this issue,“The three Commentaries(San Zhuan,三传)”have different views from The Analects of Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi(荀子).The Gongyang Zhuan almost unconditionally supports“handing over the country to another person”or even“handing over the world(tianxia,天下)”,which is closest to the idea of The Analects of Confucius.Mencius supports“handing over the country”and“handing over the world”,but attached conditions which need to be investigated.Xunzi allows“handing over the country”but opposes“handing over the world”.The Guliang Zhuan denies both.The reason is that“handing over the country or the world”challenges the system of“respect and inferiority”valued by GuLiang Zhuan,and“respect and inferiority”is not only the ideal of Guliang Zhuan,but also the means to realize it.Therefore,it is an inevitable choice for Guliang Zhuan to deal with“handing over the country or the world”passively.By comparison,the conclusion that the purport of interpreting scriptures in Guliang Zhuan is far from the original Confucianism is becoming clearer.

关 键 词：让国 《谷梁传》 《公羊传》 《春秋》 

分 类 号：K225.04[历史地理—历史学]