胶州湾湿地中越冬水鸟的多样性及其重要栖息地分布  

Diversity and Important Habitats ofWinteringWaterbirds in Jiaozhou BayWetlands

作　　者：刘云[1,2] 徐子钧 齐衍萍[3] 徐克阳[2] 于涛 曾晓起 LIU Yun;XU Zijun;QI Yanping;XU Keyang;YU Tao;ZENG Xiaoqi(Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,Shandong,P.R.China;Qingdao Birding Association,Qingdao 266034,Shandong,P.R.China;North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Qingdao 266033,Shandong,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛市观鸟协会,山东青岛266034 [3]国家海洋局北海环境监测中心,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《湿地科学》2023年第4期508-516,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目、联合国开发计划署/全球环境基金黄海大海洋生态系二期基于生态系统的胶州湾湿地综合调查示范项目资助。

摘　　要：胶州湾湿地是黄渤海湿地中水鸟南、北迁徙的重要驿站。为了掌握胶州湾湿地中水鸟的越冬情况,2017年至2021年每年的12月,采用分区直数法,对在胶州湾湿地中越冬的水鸟进行了野外调查。研究结果表明,调查期间,在胶州湾湿地中,共记录7目12科46种越冬水鸟,以雁鸭类、鸻鹬类和鸥类水鸟为主;2017年至2021年每年的12月,胶州湾湿地中的越冬水鸟数量分别为52756只、23147只、20256只、16968只和26776只;越冬水鸟的优势物种为黑腹滨鹬(Calidris alpina)、翘鼻麻鸭(Tadorna tadorna)、灰鸻(Pluvialis squatarola)和白腰杓鹬(Numenius arquata);在胶州湾湿地越冬的水鸟中,有国家一级保护鸟类遗鸥(Ichthyaetus relictus)、黑嘴鸥(Saundersilarus saundersi)和东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana),有国家二级保护鸟类白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)、白腰杓鹬、大杓鹬(Numenius madagascariensis)和黑颈??(Podiceps nigricollis),还有濒危物种东方白鹳和大杓鹬、易危物种黑嘴鸥、遗鸥和红头潜鸭(Aythya ferina)、近危物种蛎鹬(Haematopus ostralegus)、白腰杓鹬和罗纹鸭(Mareca falcata);2017年至2021年每年的12月,翘鼻麻鸭、白腰杓鹬、蛎鹬和灰鸻的个体数量都超过了迁徙路线上其总个体数量的1%;大沽河口和东风盐场是胶州湾湿地中最重要的越冬水鸟栖息地;鉴于胶州湾湿地在东亚-澳大利西亚鸟类迁飞路线中的重要性,建议将胶州湾湿地列入国际重要湿地名录。Jiaozhou Bay wetlands are key site for waterbirds migrating northward and southward in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea wetlands.In order to master the current wintering situation of waterbirds in Jiaozhou Bay wetlands,the wintering waterbirds were field surveyed using partition direct number method in December each year from 2017 to 2021.The results showed that a total of 46 species of wintering waterbirds belonging to 7 orders,12 families were recorded in Jiaozhou Bay wetlands,mainly geese and ducks,shorebirds and gulls.The numbers of wintering waterbirds in Jiaozhou Bay wetlands in December each year from 2017 to 2021 were 52756 ind.,23147 ind.,20256 ind.,16968 ind.and 26776 ind.,respectively.The dominant species were Dunlin(Calidris alpina),Common Shelduck(Tadorna tadorna),Grey Plover(Pluvialis squatarola)and Eurasian Curlew(Numenius arquata).In the wetlands,there were the national first class protected species,including Relict Gull(Ichthyaetus relictus),Saunder's Gull(Saundersilarus saundersi)and Oriental Stork(Ciconia boyciana),the national second class protected species,including Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia),Eurasian Curlew,Eastern Curlew(Numenius madagascariensis)and Black-necked Grebe(Podiceps nigricollis).There were endangered species(EN)Oriental Stork and Eastern Curlew,vulnerable species(VU)Saunder's Gull,Relict Gull and Common Pochard(Aythya ferina),and endangered species(NT)Eurasian Oystercatcher(Haematopus ostralegus),Eurasian Curlew and Falcated Duck(Mareca falcata).The numbers of individuals of Common Shelduck,Eurasian Curlew,Eurasian Oystercatcher and Grey Plover all exceeded 1%of their total numbers of individuals on the migration route.Dagu Estuary and Dongfeng Salt Field were the most important wintering waterbirds habitats.In view of the importance of Jiaozhou Bay wetlands in the migration route of birds along the East Asia-Australasian Flyway,it is suggested that Jiaozhou Bay wetlands should be included in the list of internationally important wetlands.

关 键 词：越冬水鸟 多样性 不可替代指数 重要栖息地 胶州湾湿地 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]