现代汉语句长分布的普遍性和特殊性  

Universality and particularity of sentence length distribution in modern Chinese

作　　者：周义凯 刘海涛[1] ZHOU Yikai;LIU Haitao(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学,浙江省杭州市310058

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2023年第5期666-677,798,799,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

摘　　要：本文比较了汉语、英语、德语等10种语言的句长分布,并基于汉语四种文体的语料研究了汉语句长的分布规律及影响因素。结果发现:现代汉语的句长分布与其他语言一样符合扩展正负二项分布,且具有文体差异;零句句长分布比整句句长分布更能体现跨语言规律,文体间差异更大,与词频分布的关系更紧密;人类语言的句长分布模式是信息量与省力原则相互妥协的结果,汉语也不例外。本文从计量语言学视角揭示了句长分布规律中的语言普遍性,表明汉语句式兼具跨语言共性及自身特性。This study compares sentence length distribution in 10 languages,including Chinese,English,and German,and investigates the distribution laws and influencing factors of sentence length based on a corpus of four genres of Chinese text.The results show that sentence length distribution in modern Chinese conforms to the Extended Positive Negative Binomial distribution,as in other languages,and that there are differences across genres.The minor sentence length distribution is better than the full sentence length distribution at showing cross-language laws and greater differences across genres,and is more closely related to word frequency distribution.The pattern of sentence length distribution in human languages is the result of the compromise between information quantity and the Principle of Least Effort,and Chinese is no exception.From the perspective of quantitative linguistics,this study reveals the language universals of sentence length distribution,indicating that Chinese sentence patterns have both cross-language commonalities and unique characteristics.

关 键 词：现代汉语 句长分布 计量语言学 语言普遍性 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]