栽培密度对水稻旱种产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Cultivation Density on Yield and Quality of Dry Seeding

作　　者：黄晓蓉 寸婕 管俊娇[1] 李小林[1] 罗金超 奎丽梅[1] 王诚然 谷安宇[1] 谭静[2] 张建华[1] HUANG Xiaorong;CUN Jie;GUAN Junjiao;LI Xiaolin;LUO Jinchao;KUI Limei;WANG Chengran;GU Anyu;TAN Jing;ZHANG Jianhua(Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205;Institute of Resources and Plants,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504;Yanshan County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yanshan,Yunnan 663100)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南大学资源植物研究院,昆明650504 [3]砚山县农业技术推广中心,云南砚山663100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第27期1-8,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省种子联合实验室项目“单双倍体与制繁种”(202205AR070001-04);粮食安全与种业支撑专项(530000210000000013809)。

摘　　要：为探究水稻旱种条件下栽培密度对不同类型水稻品种生育特性、产量及品质的影响,筛选出适宜砚山县旱种的水稻品种及其适宜的栽培密度。以籼稻品种:‘广8优1973’、‘华浙优261’,粳稻品种:‘云两优502’、‘云科粳1号’为供试材料,设4个栽培密度水平,采用水稻旱种旱管栽培的方式,在云南省文山州砚山县进行试验,分析旱种条件下栽培密度对不同类型水稻品种的生育特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,本试验中籼稻材料在高密度下孕穗、齐穗提前,比低密度条件下早成熟1~3 d,而粳稻材料则相反;4个品种的株高均在B_(3)(108万/hm^(2))密度下最高;水稻植株剑叶的SPAD值受栽培密度影响较小,随密度的增加,倒二叶先增后降,在B_(2)(90万/hm^(2))密度下最高,倒三叶呈下降趋势;水稻齐穗期的叶面积指数随着密度的增加而增加。产量较高的处理组合为A_(2)B_(3)和A_(2)B_(4),以籼稻品种‘广8优1973’的产量最高,4个品种均在B_(4)(126万/hm^(2))栽培密度下产量最高,说明在该生态区,B_(3)密度下有利于水稻植株的生长,B_(4)密度下更有利于水稻产量形成;栽培密度与有效穗成正相关,但实粒数在高密度下相对较低,说明高密度处理下能增加有效穗,但不利于培育大穗;栽培密度对籼稻品种的结实率影响不明显,粳稻结实率随栽培密度增加而增加,千粒重受栽培密度影响较小。4个水稻品种中,A_(1)品种随着密度的增加,稻米的外观品质降低,直链淀粉含量、胶稠度和蛋白质在不同密度间无明显规律,其余品种稻米品质受栽培密度影响不明显。选用籼稻品种‘广8优1973’在基本苗为108万~126万/hm^(2)栽培密度下进行水稻旱种,群体生长能够适宜此生态环境条件,实现高产。In order to clarify the effects of cultivation density on the growth characteristics,yield and quality of different types of rice cultivars under dry seeding conditions,the rice varieties suitable for dry seeding in Yanshan County and their suitable cultivation densities were screened out.Using the indica rice varieties:‘Guang8you 1973’,‘Huazheyou 261’,Japonica rice varieties:‘Yunliangyou 502’,and‘Yunkejing 1’as the test materials,four cultivation density levels were set and the dry seeding and dry management was used to conduct experiments in Yanshan County,Wenshan Prefecture,Yunnan Province,and the effects of cultivation density on the growth characteristics,yield and quality of different types of rice varieties under dry seeding conditions were analyzed.The results showed that indica rice materials was advanced in the booting stage and the full heading stage under high density,and matured 1-3 days earlier than the low-density conditions,while the japonica rice material was the opposite.All four cultivars had the highest plant heights at B_(3)(1.08 million/hm^(2))density.The SPAD value of sword leaves of rice plants was less affected by the cultivation density,and with the increase of density,the second leaf first increased and then decreased,and the highest at the density of B_(2)(0.9 million/hm^(2)),and the third leaf showed a downward trend.The leaf area index increased with the increase of rice density at full heading stage.The treatment combination with higher yields was A_(2)B_(3)and A_(2)B_(4),with the highest yield of the indica variety‘Guang8you 1973’.All four cultivars had the highest yield at B_(4)(1.26 million/hm^(2))cultivation density,indicating that B_(3) density was conducive to rice plant growth and B4 density was more conducive to rice yield formation.The cultivation density is positively correlated with the effective panicle,but the number of grains per panicle is relatively low at high density,indicating that the effective panicle can be increased under the high density t

关 键 词：栽培密度 水稻旱种 生育特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]