不同氮肥水平下大麦氮磷分配策略及利用效率分析  

Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Allocation Strategy and Utilization Efficiency of Barley under Different Nitrogen Levels

作　　者：吴玥莹 苏云雯 陈春艳 郭辉 车凤怡 胡小康 王弢 WU Yueying;SU Yunwen;CHEN Chunyan;GUO Hui;CHE Fengyi;HU Xiaokang;WANG Tao(College of Agriculture and Biological Science,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671003)

机构地区：[1]大理大学农学与生物科学学院,云南大理671003

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第27期9-16,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：云南省科技厅地方本科高校(部分)基础研究联合专项“大麦氮利用及流失与农田可持续性的生态权衡”[2019FH001(-105)];大理大学博士科研启动费项目“大麦氮肥利用与农田可持续性的生态权衡研究”(KYBS2018028)。

摘　　要：为探究洱海流域不同氮肥水平下大麦氮磷吸收及利用策略,为洱海流域的作物养分高效利用及农业可持续绿色发展提供一定的理论依据,本研究采用大田试验方法,设置5个氮肥梯度,选用‘云大麦2号’和‘S4’2个当地使用的大麦品种,分析了大麦花期和成熟期的干物质积累、氮磷利用和变化情况,以及大麦的产量构成。结果显示:随着施氮量增加,大麦成熟期干物质积累和产量构成均得到改善,其中籽粒产量的增加主要得益于单位面积籽粒数的增加,千粒重变化不显著。不同氮肥施加对大麦花期和成熟期各器官中磷含量的影响较小,而茎、叶氮含量随着施氮量的增加呈上升趋势。花期到成熟期,茎、叶中的氮、磷积累量出现显著下降,而穗中氮、磷的积累量则出现显著增加。施氮量的增加可以改善大麦的干物质积累和产量构成,尽管大麦花期到成熟期,茎、叶中氮磷减少量没有伴随氮施加水平发生显著改变,但穗中的氮磷积累量从花期到成熟期呈显著提升。To explore the nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and utilization strategies of barley under different nitrogen fertilizer levels in the Erhai Lake watershed,and to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nutrient utilization and sustainable agriculture in the watershed,a field experiment was conducted in this study.Five N fertilizer treatments were set up in the field experiment,and two local barley varieties,‘Yundamai 2’and‘S4’,were selected to examine the dry matter accumulation,nitrogen and phosphorus utilization and yield formation at the flowering and mature stages.The results showed that dry matter accumulation and yield formation of barley at maturity were improved with increasing nitrogen application,and it was mainly due to the increase of grain number of per unit area,while the change in 1000-grain weight was not significant.Different applications of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on the P concentration in the organs of barley at anthesis and maturity,while the N concentration in the stems and leaves increased with increasing N application.From flowering to maturity,the accumulation of N and P in stems and leaves decreased significantly,while the accumulation of N and P in spikes increased significantly.The increase of N application could improve dry matter accumulation and yield formation in barley.Although the decrease of N and P accumulation in stems and leaves did not change significantly with the level of N application from flowering to maturity,the N and P accumulation in spikes significantly increased from flowering to maturity.

关 键 词：大麦 不同氮肥水平 产量构成 氮磷吸收 干物质积累 氮磷利用效率 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]