咸水灌溉下生物炭用量对土壤团聚体组成和盐碱度的影响  

Effect of Biochar Amount on the Composition of Soil Aggregates and Degree of Saline-alkality with the Saline Water Irrigation

作　　者：张宇 冯棣 孙小桉 张敬敏[1] 祝海燕[1] 王志和[1] 亓娜 ZHANG Yu;FENG Di;SUN Xiaoan;ZHANG Jingmin;ZHU Haiyan;WANG Zhihe;QI Na(Weifang University of Science and Technology,Shouguang,Shandong 262700;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350;Tianjin Tianlong Technology Corporation Limited,Tianjin 300457)

机构地区：[1]潍坊科技学院,山东寿光262700 [2]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350 [3]天津天隆科技股份有限公司,天津300457

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第27期75-80,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目“滨海重度盐碱地高矿化度咸水滴灌水盐调控机理与数值模拟”(ZR2021ME154)。

摘　　要：为探究咸水灌溉下生物炭用量对土壤团聚体粒径组成和盐碱度的影响,本试验在5.1 g/L咸水滴灌下设置3个生物炭施用量0 kg/m^(2)(C_(0))、3 kg/m^(2)(C_(3))、5 kg/m^(2)(C_(5))处理,并以使用淡水滴灌不施用生物炭为对照处理D_(0)。在连续定位灌溉3年后取样调查了各处理0~20 cm土层不同粒径机械性团聚体含量及其土壤电导率值(EC)和pH。结果表明:(1)咸水灌溉较淡水灌溉有减少大团聚体量的趋势,与D_(0)处理相比,C_(0)处理5~10、3~5、2~3 mm粒径占比分别减小了10.12%、19.06%、5.78%;1~2、0.5~1、<0.5 mm粒径占比分别增加了4.1%、43.77%、75.68%;(2)生物质炭促进粒径>0.5 mm大团聚体的形成,并且生物炭施用量越大对深层土壤的大团聚体占比影响程度越大;(3)所有处理土壤团聚体不同粒径尺寸与土壤E之间均呈负相关关系;(4)施加生物炭有利于降低0~20 cm土层土壤EC,各处理土壤EC表现为C_(0)>C_(5)>C_(3)。综上,咸水灌溉下施用3~5 kg/m^(2)生物炭会促进0~20 cm土层>0.5 mm大团聚体的形成,降低土壤盐度。Three biochar treatments of 0 kg/m^(2),3 kg/m^(2)and 5 kg/m^(2)were set as C_(0),C_(3)and C_(5) under a drip irrigation with salinized water(5.1 g/L)to determine their effects on the particle composition of soil aggregates and on the extent of soil saline-alkality in comparison with a treatment of fresh water and no biochar as the control(D_(0)).With a continuous irrigation at the location for three years,the accumulation of mechanical soil aggregates with different sizes in the 20 cm deep soil,soil electrical conductivity(EC)and pH were investigated.The results showed that:(1)compared with fresh water,salty one tended to reduce the size of large aggregates,indicating the ratio of particle/size at 5-10,3-5 and 2-3 mm in the C_(0) treatment reduced by 10.12%,19.06%and 5.78%,respectively,while that at 1-2,0.5-1 and<0.5 mm in the same treatment increased by 4.1%,43.77%and 75.68%,respectively,in comparison with all those measurements in the D0 treatment;(2)application of biochar promoted the formation of large aggregates at the ratio of particle/size over 0.5 mm,and more large soil aggregates accumulated in the deep soil with more biochar added;(3)the different ratio of particle/sizes of soil aggregates was negatively correlated with the soil EC;(4)biochar application was beneficial to reduce the soil EC in the 0-20 cm deep soil,and the soil EC value of each treatment showed C_(0)>C_(5)>C_(3).In conclusion,the application of 3-5 kg/m^(2)biochar under the salted water irrigation could promote the formation of large soil aggregates>0.5 mm and reduce the soil salinity in the 0-20 cm soil layer.

关 键 词：生物炭 咸水 滴灌 土壤团聚体 粒径组成 土壤盐度 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]