不同有机肥对云南高原红壤生产力的影响  

Effects of Different Manures on Red Soil Productivity in Yunnan Plateau

作　　者：刘建香[1] 郭云周[1] 杜东英 张勤斌 李聪平 LIU Jianxiang;GUO Yunzhou;DU Dongying;ZHANG Qinbin;LI Congping(Agricultural Environment and Resource Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205;Qujing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qujing,Yunnan 655000;Qilin Soil and Fertilizer Station of Qujing,Qujing,Yunnan 655000;Qujing Soil and Fertilizer Station,Qujing,Yunnan 655000)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [2]曲靖市农业科学院,云南曲靖655000 [3]曲靖市麒麟区土壤肥料工作站,云南曲靖655000 [4]曲靖市土壤肥料工作站,云南曲靖655000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第26期67-75,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“旱地两熟区耕地培肥与合理农作制”(201503121);“绿肥作物生产与利用技术集成研究及示范”(201103005)。

摘　　要：比较不同有机肥对云南高原红壤理化性状的作用,为培肥云南高原红壤提供理论依据。2011—2019年连续8年采用田间定位试验的方法,研究了不同有机肥对红壤理化性状及玉米产量的影响。试验包括冬闲-玉米(CK)、冬闲-玉米+施用腐熟农家肥(FM)、种植并翻压肥田萝卜-玉米(R)、种植并翻压光叶紫花苕子-玉米(V)、冬闲-玉米+玉米秸秆还田(MS)5个处理。每年玉米收获后,采集0~20 cm耕层土壤样品,测定土壤理化性状。结果表明:与对照相比,R、MS、FM、V增加红壤有机质含量3.92%~14.03%,增加红壤速效钾含量6.64%~76.63%,降低容重6.22%~10.50%;R、FM、V增加红壤碱解氮含量0.70%~24.18%,而MS则降低0.31%;FM提高红壤速效磷含量43.74%,MS、V、R降低红壤速效磷含量2.73%~8.20%;MS、V、FM分别增产玉米217、377、537 kg/hm^(2),而R处理减产474 kg/hm^(2),FM、V玉米产量显著高于R。不同有机肥均能提高红壤有机质和速效钾含量,降低容重;FM、V明显提高红壤碱解氮,MS和R对红壤碱解氮影响不明显;FM明显提高红壤速效磷含量,MS、V、R不同程度消耗红壤速效磷。施用腐熟农家肥增加红壤速效磷、速效钾含量、增产玉米最多;种植并翻压光叶紫花苕子增加红壤有机质和碱解氮含量、降低容重最多,增产玉米较多;种植并翻压肥田萝卜增加有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量最少,降低容重较多,玉米产量较低。To compare the effects of different manures on the physicochemical properties of red soil and maize yield,so as to provide theoretical basis for improving red soil productivity in Yunnan Plateau.A site-specific field experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2019 in Qujing,Yunnan.The experiment was designed for five treatments,namely winter fallow cropland-maize(CK),winter fallow cropland-maize under applying decomposed farmyard manure(FM),planting radish and ploughing in its fresh grass-maize(R),planting vetch and ploughing in its fresh grass-maize(V),winter fallow cropland-maize under maize straw turnover(MS).Each year soil samples from 0-20 cm underground were collected to test its physical and chemical properties after harvesting maize and measure its yield for each treatment.The results showed that compared with CK,R,MS,FM and V increased the organic matter content by 3.92%-14.03%,and increased the content of rapidly available potassium by 6.64%-76.63%,while the bulk density reduced by 6.22%-10.50%.The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 0.70%-24.18%for treatments of R,FM and V while it reduced by 0.31%for MS treatment.The content of available phosphorus increased 43.74%for the FM treatment while available phosphorus content reduced by 2.73%-8.20%for treatments of MS,V,R.Maize yield increased 217,377,537 kg/hm^(2)for treatments of MS,V and FM,respectively,but reduced 474 kg/hm^(2)for treatment R.The maize yield of FM,V was significantly higher than that of treatment R.Different manures could increase the content of organic matter and rapidly available potassium and reduce the bulk density of red soil.FM and V increased obviously the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and there was no significant change for the treatment of MS and R.FM notably increased content of available phosphorus,but MS,V and R consumed soil available phosphorus at different levels.FM increased the most maize yield and the most content of available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium.V increased the most content of o

关 键 词：有机肥 肥田萝卜 光叶紫花苕子 玉米秸秆 红壤 生产力 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S142[农业科学—农业基础科学]