生物炭配施硅肥对增温稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放强度的影响  

Effects of Biochar Combined with Silicate Fertilization on CH4 and N2O Emission Intensity in Rice-wheat Rotation Field under Nighttime Warming

作　　者：祝梦全 娄运生[1,2] 杜泽云 高安妮 潘德丰 郭峻泓 ZHU Mengquan;LOU Yunsheng;DU Zeyun;GAO Anni;PAN Defeng;GUO Junhong(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第26期98-108,共11页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“施硅调控增温稻-麦土壤CH4和N2O排放及其作用机制”(41875177)。

摘　　要：夜间增温幅度大于白天是气候变暖的主要特征之一。夜间增温、施硅或生物炭对单一作物(水稻或小麦)生产的影响已有报道,但三者耦合如何影响稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放强度,尚不清楚。通过田间模拟试验研究了夜间增温下生物炭配施硅肥对稻麦轮作农田产量和碳排放强度的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,用铝箔膜覆盖水稻冠层模拟夜间增温(19:00—6:00),设常温对照(不盖膜,W0)、覆盖5 mm膜(W1)和覆盖11 mm膜(W2)3水平;生物炭用量设3水平,即不施生物炭(B0)、施10 t/hm^(2)(B1)和施25 t/hm^(2)(B2);硅肥设不施硅(Si0)、施钢渣(Si1)和施矿粉(Si2)3水平,施硅量均为0.2 t SiO_(2)/hm^(2)。结果表明:夜间增温明显降低水稻和小麦产量,施生物炭明显提高水稻和小麦产量。夜间增温、施用矿粉或生物炭明显降低农田CH4累积排放量、综合增温潜势(SGWP)和碳排放强度(GHGI)。稻麦轮作农田综合增温潜势(SGWP)中水稻贡献明显大于小麦,CH4排放在SGWP中起主导作用。三因素对水稻SGWP和GHGI的影响,均为B>Si>W,对小麦SGWP和GHGI的影响,均为Si>B>W。研究认为,夜间增温下为稳定稻麦产量,同时减少稻麦轮作农田CH4和N2O排放的最佳处理组合为施0.2 t SiO_(2)/hm^(2)矿粉和25 t/hm^(2)生物炭。One of the main characteristics of climate warming is that the nighttime warming is larger than the daytime warming.The effect of nighttime warming,silicate application or biochar addition on the production of single crop(rice or wheat)was available,but the coupled effects of the three factors on the emission intensity of CH4 and N2O in rice-wheat rotation field were still unclear.A field simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar with silicate supply on the yield of rice and wheat,CH4 and N2O emission under nighttime warming.An orthogonal experimental design with three-factor and three-level was adopted in this study.The rice and wheat canopy was covered with aluminum foil to simulate nighttime warming(19:00—6:00).Nighttime warming was set at 3 levels,i.e.W0(ambient temperature,control),W1(covered with 5 mm aluminum foil film)and W2(covered with 11 mm aluminum foil film);biochar was amended at 3 levels,i.e.B0(control),B1(10 t/hm^(2)biochar)and B2(25 t/hm^(2)biochar);silicate fertilizer was added at 3 levels,i.e.control(Si0),Si1(steel slag powder at 0.2 t SiO_(2)/hm^(2))and Si2(mineral powder at 0.2 t SiO_(2)/hm^(2)).The results showed that the yield of rice and wheat decreased under nighttime warming,but obviously increased with biochar amendment.Nighttime warming,applying mineral powder and biochar inhibited the cumulative emission of CH4,and reduced the total warming potential(SGWP)and greenhouse gases(CH4 and N2O)intensity(GHGI)in rice-wheat field.The rice production contributed more to the SGWP than wheat production,and CH4 emission played a dominant role in the SGWP.Effects of the three factors on the SGWP and the GHGI in rice field were in the sequence of B>Si>W,and in the order of Si>B>W in wheat field.This study suggested that applying 0.2 t/hm^(2)mineral powder and 25 t/hm^(2)biochar were the best treatment(factor combination)to stabilize rice and wheat production,and simultaneously reduced the emission of CH4 and N2O under nighttime warming.

关 键 词：夜间增温 生物炭 硅肥 稻麦轮作 温室气体排放强度 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]