茭白病害防控药剂筛选及田间应用效果评价  

Screening and Field Application Evaluation of Chemicals for Zizania latifolia Diseases Prevention and Control

作　　者：李芳[1] 张珏锋[1] 钟海英[1] 陈建明[1] LI Fang;ZHANG Juefeng;ZHONG Haiying;CHEN Jianming(Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology,Zhejiang Academy of agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第25期122-129,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-24-G-07);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目“茭白良种繁育及绿色高效生产关键技术研究与示范应用”(2019XTTGSC03-3);浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目“黄岩有机菌肥推广及茭白产业绿色发展技术集成与标准化示范推广”(2022SNJF082);黄岩区农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设服务项目“丽水山区茭白绿色可持续发展技术集成示范”(HY202002)。

摘　　要：为有效控制茭白病害,筛选出安全高效药剂,室内检测了7种杀菌剂对茭白黑粉菌小孢子的影响,评价对茭白孕茭的安全性,同时利用室内茭白胡麻叶斑病菌耐药性实验结合田间药效监测筛选高效药剂。结果表明,7种药剂中吡唑醚菌酯对桐乡地区茭白锈病和黄岩地区胡麻叶斑病的田间防效分别高达79.3%和41.44%,防效最佳;但对黑粉菌小孢子的影响最大,0.01 g/L完全抑制生长。矿物油对黑粉菌小孢子的生长影响最小,但对茭白病害防效不佳,利用矿物油与25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂混配可以在保持杀菌剂的高防效时降低使用浓度。此外,对黑粉菌小孢子生长影响较小的氟环唑和啶氧菌酯对茭白锈菌的田间防效也可达到40%以上。因此,筛选茭白高效杀菌剂的同时要充分检测其对茭白黑粉菌的安全性,谨慎筛选杀菌剂使用时间,避免严重影响茭白孕茭进而限制茭白的产量和质量。To effectively control the disease of Zizania latifolia and screen out the safe and efficient fungicides,the effects of 7 fungicides on the microspores of Ustilago esculenta were tested in laboratory for evaluating the safety about gall formation of Zizania latifolia.At the same time,the drug resistance experiment of Bipolaris zizaniae and the field efficacy monitoring were used to screen the high-efficiency fungicides.The results showed that among the seven fungicides,pyraclostrobin had the best efficacy with 79.3%on Uromyces coronatus in Tongxiang area and 41.44%on Bipolaris zizaniae in Huangyan area,respectively.However,pyraclostrobin had the greatest effect on the microspores of Ustilago esculenta,and the concentration of 0.01 g/L completely inhibited the growth.Mineral oil had the least effect on the growth of Ustilago esculenta microspores,but the control effects of Zizania latifolia diseases were poor.The mixture of mineral oil and 25%pyraclostrobin suspension could reduce the use concentration while maintaining the high efficacy of the fungicide.In addition,epoxiconazole and picoxystrobin,which had little effect on the growth of Ustilago esculenta microspores,also had a field control effect of more than 40%on Uromyces coronatus.Therefore,when screening high-efficiency fungicides for Zizania latifolia,we should fully detect their safety to Ustilago esculenta,carefully screen the use time of fungicides,so as to avoid seriously affecting gall formation and thus limiting the yield and quality of Zizania latifolia.

关 键 词：杀菌剂 锈病 胡麻叶斑病 田间防效 安全性 

分 类 号：S859.84[农业科学—临床兽医学]