天花疫苗研究进展  

Research progress in smallpox vaccines

作　　者：张爱红 ZHANG Aihong(Institute of Chemical Defense of the Army,Beijing 102205)

机构地区：[1]解放军陆军防化学院,北京102205

出　　处：《军事医学》2023年第8期631-635,共5页Military Medical Sciences

摘　　要：天花在历史上曾给人类健康造成巨大危害。尽管世界卫生组织于1980年宣布消灭了天花,但现存天花病毒可能引发的泄漏风险和生物恐怖威胁一直是关注重点。此外,与天花病毒同属的猴痘病毒,近年来在全球范围内引发猴痘疫情流行,给人类带来巨大公共卫生风险。疫苗是人类对抗生物恐怖、传染病疫情,降低公共卫生风险的有效手段之一。该文从疫苗制备、接种安全性和有效性等方面对天花疫苗从第一代痘苗疫苗到第四代核酸疫苗的研发进展进行了综述。Smallpox has taken a heavy toll on human health in history.The World Health Organization(WHO)announced in 1980 that smallpox had been eradicated.Because of the likelihood of accidental leak of variola virus from leftover viral stocks and of the outbreak of a pandemic caused by monkeypox in recent years,there have been concerns about bioterrorism and public health risks caused by orthopox viruses.Vaccine is one of the efficient means to combat bioterrorism,contain epidemics and reduce public health risks.This paper reviews the progress in research on variola virus vaccines from the first generation(vaccinia virus strains)to the fourth generation(nucleic acid based vaccines)in terms of preparation technologies,incubation safety and efficacy.

关 键 词：天花 疫苗 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]