中国古代分类方法与《黄帝内经》理论建构研究  

Study on Chinese ancient classification methodology and theoretical construction of Huangdi Neijing

作　　者：邢玉瑞[1] 胡勇 张惜燕 XING Yurui;HU Yong;ZHANG Xiyan(Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xixian New Area 712046,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学,西咸新区712046

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2023年第9期4483-4487,共5页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：“陕西中医药大学学科创新团队”项目(No.2019-YL01)。

摘　　要：基于对事物同异认识的分类,是人类建构世界秩序的最基本方法。由于事物之相似有本质相似与物象相似的不同,受历史文化以及认识发展阶段等诸多因素的影响,中国古代分类方法呈现出基于事物本质的种属分类与基于事物之“象”的关联分类两种不同路径,前者导向形式逻辑的思维方法,重视因果关系的分析;后者导向取象比类的思维方法,重视相关关系的探索。《黄帝内经》基于对生命自然现象的研究,自然离不开基于事物本质的种属分类方法;同时,因受中国传统文化的影响,又广泛使用了阴阳、三才、五行等基于事物之“象”的关联分类方法,同时也常呈现出两种分类方法结合使用的现象。对《黄帝内经》乃至中医学术的研究,应该清楚认识两种分类方法的价值所在,特别是对关联分类的局限性要有清醒的认识。Classification based on the understanding of differences and similarities is one of the fundamental methods to construct the order of human world.Since similarities between things could be in nature or in image,influenced by history,culture,cognitive development stage and other factors,Chinese ancient classification methodology is formulated in two ways:genericspecific classification based on the nature of objects and relevance classification based on images of objects.The former is formallogic-oriented and emphasizes causal relationship analysis,while the latter is imaging-and-comparing-thinking-oriented and emphasizes relationship exploration.Huangdi Neijing was created on the basis of research on natural life phenomena,therefore,generic-specific classification based on the nature of objects is indispensable.And,influenced by Chinese traditional culture,relevance classification based on images of objects including ying yang,san cai,wu xing,are also widely used in Huangdi Neijing.Sometimes both classification methods are used in combination.In research of Huangdi Neijing and traditional Chinese medicine theories,not only the value of both methods,but also the limitation of relevance classification should be clearly recognized.

关 键 词：类 分类 古代逻辑 黄帝内经 种属分类 关联分类 

分 类 号：R2-0[医药卫生—中医学]