植物RuBisCO研究进展  

Research progress in plant RuBisCO

作　　者：周昱婕 李霞 陈根云 周文彬 ZHOU YuJie;LI Xia;CHEN Gen-Yun;ZHOU WenBin(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/lnstitute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai200032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心/植物生理生态研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2023年第9期1213-1229,共17页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2016YFD0300100)资助。

摘　　要：提高光合作用效率是未来进一步提高作物产量和生物量的有效途径之一.1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,RuBisCO)是光合碳同化过程中的关键酶,催化Ru BP与CO_(2)的羧化反应,将无机碳固定为有机碳,是提高植物光合作用效率的重要靶标.然而,RuBisCO催化速率低且底物特异性差,不能有效区分二氧化碳和氧气,因此被称为“低效率酶”.鉴于RuBisCO在光合作用过程和全球碳循环中的重要作用,以及在提升作物光合作用效率和产量方面具有广泛应用潜力,RuBisCO的遗传改造已成为光合作用领域研究的前沿热点并取得了重要进展.本文系统综述了RuBisCO的分类进化、折叠组装机制、自然变异以及响应环境变化的生理生化机制,重点介绍了RuBisCO遗传改造方面的研究进展,并对RuBisCO未来研究趋势进行了展望和讨论,以期为今后的研究提供重要借鉴和参考.Improving photosynthesis is one of the promising ways to increase crop yields in the future.Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RuBisCO),a key enzyme in the carbon assimilation process,catalyzes the carboxylation of CO_(2)with RuBP,thus converts inorganic carbon into organic carbon.RuBisCO has a slow catalytic rate and poor capability in discriminating between the competing substrates,CO_(2)and O_(2),therefore it is called“low-efficiency enzyme”Given the importance of RuBisCO in the photosynthetic carbon assimilation process and its potential for future applications in improving crop photosynthetic efficiency and yield,the genetic modification of RuBisCO has become a hotspot and frontier in the field of photosynthesis research.This review systematically summarizes the classification of RuBisCO,its folding and assembly mechanism,natural variation,and response mechanism to the natural environment.It mainly focuses on the research progress of RuBisCO genetic engineering,and also discusses future perspectives in order to provide a guidance for future research.

关 键 词：1 5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶 RUBISCO活化酶 自然变异 环境响应 RuBisCO遗传改造 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]