西藏自治区1~5岁藏族儿童营养不良流行现状及相关因素研究  

Epidemic status and related factors of malnutrition among 1-5 year old Tibetan children in Tibet autonomous region

作　　者：琼卓玛 土旦扎西 德吉卓玛 旦增卓玛 李亚杰[4] Joan Doma;Tudan Tashi;Deji Doma;Tenzin Doma;LI Ya-jie(Disease Prevention and Control Center of Chengguan District,Lhasa,Tibet 850000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]拉萨市城关区疾病预防控制中心,西藏拉萨850000 [2]拉萨市城关区娘热街道卫生院 [3]拉萨市城关区夺底小学 [4]西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心慢病所

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第18期3316-3320,3328,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：西藏自治区自然科学基金一般项目(XZ202101ZR0103G);西藏自治区自然科学基金重大项目(XZ2019ZRG-142)。

摘　　要：目的了解西藏自治区1~5岁藏族儿童营养不良流行现状及相关因素.方法采用分层、多阶段、与规模成比例的PPS方法和整群抽样相结合的抽样方法在西藏自治区抽取1975名1~5岁儿童进行问卷调查和体格检查.采用多因素logistic回归模型分析儿童生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦的影响因素.结果2019年西藏自治区1~5岁藏族儿童营养不良的总患病率为29.97%,其中生长迟缓率、消瘦率和低体重率分别为18.02%、4.51%和8.15%.低出生体重与儿童生长迟缓(OR=2.545,95%CI:1.626~3.983,P<0.001)、消瘦(OR=2.522,95%CI:1.254~5.072,P=0.009)和低体重(OR=3.147,95%CI:1.860~5.324,P<0.001)均呈现正相关;与居住地海拔<3500 m的儿童相比,居住地海拔≥4500 m的儿童更易患生长迟缓(OR=2.535,95%CI:1.672~3.842,P<0.001)和低体重(OR=2.290,95%CI:1.328~3.949,P=0.003);与喂养实践得分≥3分的儿童相比,喂养实践得分<3分的儿童更易出现低体重(OR=1.206,95%CI:1.013~1.437,P=0.035);与日膳食种类≥4种的儿童相比,日膳食种类<4种的儿童更易出现生长迟缓(OR=1.718,95%CI:1.249~2.362,P=0.001)和低体重(OR=1.805,95%CI:1.175~2.774,P=0.007).结论西藏1~5岁儿童生长迟缓率、消瘦率和低体重率均处于较高水平,建议倡导科学喂养实践,为儿童提供种类丰富多样的膳食.Objective To understand the current situation and related factors of malnutrition among 1-5 years old Tibetan children in Tibet Autonomous Region.Methods 1975 children aged 1-5 years in Tibet Autonomous Region were selected by stratified,multi-stage,proportional PPS method and cluster sampling method for questionnaire survey and physical examination.Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of stunting,underweight,and wasting.Results The total prevalence of malnutrition among 1-5 years old Tibetan children in Tibet Autonomous Region in 2019 was 29.97%,with stunting rate,wasting rate,and underweight rate being 18.02%,4.51%,and 8.15%,respectively.Low birth weight was positively correlated with stunting(OR=2.545,95%Cl:1.626-3.983,P<0.001),wasting(OR=2.522,95%CI:1.254-5.072,P=0.009),and underweight(0R=3.147,95%CI:1.860-5.324,P<0.001)in children.Compared with children living at an altitude of less than 3500 meters,children living at an altitude of 4500 meters or higher were more likely to suffer from stunning(OR=2.535,95%CI:1.672-3.842,P<0.001)and underweight(OR=2.290,95%CI:1.328-3.949,P=0.003).Compared with children with a feeding practice score of≥3,children with a feeding practice score of<3 were more likely to experience underweight(OR=1.206,95%CI:1.013-1.437,P=0.035);Compared with children with a daily diet of≥4,children with a daily diet of<4 were more likely to experience stunting(OR=1.718,95%CI:1.249-2.362,P=0.001)and underweight(0R=1.805,95%CI:1.175-2.774,P=0.007).Conclusion The stunting rate,wasting rate,and underweight rate of 1-5 years old children in Tibet are all at a high level.

关 键 词：儿童 营养不良 生长迟缓 消瘦 低体重 西藏 

分 类 号：R723.11[医药卫生—儿科]