光力矩的基本原理及其应用  

Optical Torques:Fundamentals and Their Applications

作　　者：陶也 钟伟[1] 吴欣怡 何涛[1,2,3,4] 赖成兴[1] 王占山 施宇智 程鑫彬[1,2,3,4] Tao Ye;Zhong Wei;Wu Xinyi;He Tao;Lai Chengxing;Wang Zhanshan;Shi Yuzhi;Cheng Xinbin(Institute of Precision Optical Engineering,School of Physics Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Professional Technical Service Platform for Full-Spectrum and High-Performance Optical Thin Film Devices and Applications,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学物理科学与工程学院,同济大学精密光学工程技术研究所,上海200092 [2]先进微结构材料教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [3]上海市数字光学前沿科学研究基地,上海200092 [4]上海市全光谱高性能光学薄膜器件与应用专业技术服务平台,上海200092

出　　处：《光学学报》2023年第16期175-192,共18页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61925504,62192770,61621001,62205246,62020106009,6201101335,62205249,62192772,62111530053);上海市科学技术委员会科技计划项目(17JC1400800,20JC1414600,21JC1406100,22ZR1432400);上海市教育委员会“曙光”计划项目(17SG22);上海市级科技重大专项(2021SHZDZX0100);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金,中国博士后科学基金(2022M712401)。

摘　　要：光镊技术通过在细小物体上施加光力对物体进行操控,而伴随光力产生的光力矩同样广泛存在于光学操控中。光力矩与光力一样,具有无接触、操控尺寸小、精度高等特点,在生物医学、物理学和量子科学等领域被广泛应用。光力矩根据其与施加光场偏振旋向的关系可分为正光力矩和负光力矩。从正负光力矩产生的原理和条件、光力矩的增强、光力矩的物理和生物应用出发,对光力矩光镊操控进行回顾和讨论,最后对光力矩光镊操控潜在的挑战进行了总结,对其未来的发展方向如微型扭矩测量、光驱动生物机器人等进行了展望。Significance Arthur Ashkin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 for the invention of optical tweezers and their biological applications,which fulfilled the prediction of Ashkin"I think the field of biology may win a Nobel Prize for the great work done by optical tweezers".Optical tweezers have aroused extensive attention since they were born,which manipulate tiny objects by exerting optical forces.Till now,optical tweezers have made great achievements in the field of physics,chemistry,biology,medicine and nanotechnology.In the process of interaction between light and matter,the transfer of linear momentum and angular momentum can generate optical forces,while the angular momentum of light can also induce optical torques.Optical torques have been widely used in optical manipulation for their advantages of non-contact,small size and high precision.Optical torques provide another degree of freedom in optical manipulation,finding wide applications in biomedical,physical and quantum sciences,including the fundamental mechanical properties of biopolymers and numerous molecular machines that drive the internal dynamics of cells.On the one hand,optical torques endow biologists with a"microscopic hand"that can minimally manipulate organisms like a microscope because of their contactless nature.As a result,optical torques can control cells,viruses and other hardto-control biological samples,avoiding potential sample damage and making many live experiments possible.Meanwhile,using non-contact capabilities,optical torques are able to drive the internal dynamics of cells without causing any damage.This can solve many thorny problems faced by biologists.On the other hand,optical torques are usually very small,down to the magnitude of pN∙nm or even fN∙nm,making them ideal for precise manipulation of small objects,such as rotating DNAs and proteins.With the support of such a precise tool,the characteristics of DNAs and proteins can be studied easier.Except for biology,optical torques also have great potential applicat

关 键 词：光力矩 光镊 光流控 多功能操控 生物颗粒 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程] TN256[理学—光学]