黄土区土地利用方式转变对土壤磷素累积及淋溶损失的影响  

Effects of land-use change from farmland to greenhouse vegetable production on soil phosphorus accumulation and leaching loss in the soils on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：高晶波 王娟 温家合 GAO Jing-bo;WANG Juan;WEN Jia-he(College of Agronomy and Life Sciences,Shanxi Datong University,Datong Shanxi 037009)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学农学与生命科学学院,山西大同037009

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第7期78-85,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L395)。

摘　　要：鉴于日光温室和农田两种土地利用施肥和农艺措施的差异,研究由农田向日光温室转变后深层土壤磷素累积及分布,为评价磷素有效性及淋失状况,指导日光温室磷肥合理施用,降低磷素损失提供理论参考。对黄土高原东北部日光温室及农田磷肥投入和携出状况调查,同时,采集0~400 cm土层土壤剖面样品,测定土壤Olsen-P和CaCl2-P含量,比较两种土地利用方式下养分平衡及深层土壤剖面磷素的累积及分布状况。结果显示,日光温室磷肥年均投入量为897 kg/hm^(2),显著高于农田,磷盈余量平均为679 kg/hm^(2),为农田的10.9倍。日光温室0~20 cm土层土壤Olsen-P含量高达400.5 mg/kg,为农田对应土层的44倍;0~40、40~100、100~200、200~300、300~400和0~400 cm土层土壤剖面Olsen-P累积量分别为1637、443、277、378、258和2993 kg/hm^(2),显著高于农田对应土层累积量(41、54、122、174、163和554 kg/hm^(2));40 cm以下土层Olsen-P累积量占整个0~400 cm土层土壤剖面累积量的45.3%,磷素出现了明显的淋溶损失现象。土壤剖面各土层CaCl2-P含量均随Olsen-P含量的增加而增加,二者表现为显著的正相关关系。结果表明,研究区由农田向日光温室转变显著增加了土壤磷素的累积及向深层土壤的淋溶损失。因此,日光温室降低磷肥投入,改善管理措施十分必要。In view of the differences in fertilization and agronomic practices between greenhouse and farmland,accurate estimates of the distribution,accumulation and leaching losses of phosphorus(P)in deep soil profiles are crucial for efficient P utilization and employing measures to reduce its losses.Hence,to assessed the effects of land-use change from farmlands to greenhouses on P surplus,accumulation and vertical distribution of soil P in deep profiles in the northeastern Loess Plateau,by investigating the input and output of P in solar greenhouses and farmland,and collecting soil profile samples of 0~400 cm layer.The contents of Olsen-P and CaCl2-P in the soil were measured.The results showed excessive P fertilization(P2O5897 kg/hm^(2))resulted in an excessive annual P surplus(P2O5679 kg/hm^(2))in greenhouses,which was 10.9 times higher than that in farmlands.The average Olsen-P content in the 0~20 cm layer in greenhouse was 400.5 mg/kg,which was 44 times higher than that in the farmland.The accumulation of Olsen-P at 0~40,40~100,100~200,200~300,300~400 and 0~400 cm layer soil profiles in greenhouse were 1637,443,277,378,258 and 2993 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which were significantly higher compared to those of the farmland(41,54,122,174,163 and 554 kg/hm^(2)).More than 45.3%of Olsen-P accumulation in the soil profile(0~400 cm layer)of greenhouses were below a soil depth of 40 cm,indicating high rate of P leaching loss.Regression analysis revealed that the vertical distribution of soil CaCl2-P was significant positively regulated by Olsen-P.The insights gained on Olsen-P and CaCl2-P accumulation and movement within deep soil profiles highlight that the land-use change from farmland to greenhouse significantly increased the soil P accumulation and leaching loss.It is urgent to optimize the P application rate and adopt better P management practices in the greenhouse vegetable production system to avoid further accelerate in these losses.

关 键 词：黄土高原 土地利用方式转变 土壤剖面 OLSEN-P 淋溶损失 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]