基于高寒矿区颗粒有机肥和羊板粪配施的无客土重构土壤理化性质分析  

Analysis of soil physicochemical properties based on combined application of granular organic fertilizer and sheep board manure in alpine mining areas

作　　者：张玉芳 李希来[1] 金立群[1] 高志香 马小雯 张钰珑 马瑞明 寇建村[2] ZHANG Yu-fang;LI Xi-lai;JIN Li-qun;GAO Zhi-xiang;MA Xiao-wen;ZHANG Yu-long;MA Rui-ming;KOU Jian-cun(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016;College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Xianyang Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西咸阳712100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第7期129-137,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(青[2021]TG01号);青海省财政林业改革发展资金新技术推广项目(2021001);高等学校学科创新引智计划(D18013);青海省科技创新创业团队“三江源生态演变与管理创新团队”。

摘　　要：为解决高寒矿区恢复植被退化和土壤肥力下降等问题,选用颗粒有机肥与牧区羊圈羊板粪作为试验材料,对青海木里矿区不同坡度改良土进行双因素随机区组控制试验,以期为高寒矿区生态恢复提供理论依据。羊板粪与矿山渣土配比设置4个水平,分别为0∶10(0 m^(3)/m^(2),S0)、1.5∶10(0.03 m^(3)/m^(2),S1)、3∶10(0.06 m^(3)/m^(2),S2)、4.5∶10(0.09 m^(3)/m^(2),S3),颗粒有机肥施用量设4个水平,分别为0 kg/m^(2)(M0)、1.2 kg/m^(2)(M1)、2.4 kg/m^(2)(M2)、3.6 kg/m^(2)(M3),羊板粪与颗粒有机肥两两组合共16个处理。分析不同配施处理下试验小区土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性,研究结果表明:(1)M_(3)S_(2)处理下平地土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度分别是M_(0)S_(0)处理(对照)的3.9、4.1和1.8倍,土壤容重相比M_(0)S_(0)处理降低42.8%;M_(3)S_(2)处理下坡地土壤最大持水量、毛管孔隙度分别比M_(0)S_(0)处理高70.6%和75.0%,毛管持水量是M_(0)S_(0)处理的2.2倍。(2)单施羊板粪及其与颗粒有机肥的配施处理,能提高平地土壤养分含量及土壤pH,M_(1)S_(3)处理下平地土壤全氮、全磷、有机质含量分别是M_(0)S_(0)处理的2.0、1.9和1.9倍,M_(3)S_(2)处理下铵态氮含量是M_(0)S_(0)处理的3.1倍。M_(1)S_(2)处理下坡地土壤全氮含量比M_(0)S_(0)处理显著提高64.3%。(3)平地与坡地土壤脲酶活性分别在M_(1)S_(3)、M_(3)S_(3)处理下显著提高。(4)土壤全氮、毛管孔隙度、铵态氮是影响土壤酶活性的驱动因子。总体来看,矿区平地无客土重构土壤以颗粒有机肥与羊板粪配施M_(1)S_(3)处理效果最佳,矿区坡地无客土重构土壤采用M_(3)S_(2)处理效果最好。In order to solve the problems of revegetation degradation and soil fertility decline,granular organic fertilizer and sheep board manure in pastoral areas were selected as experimental materials for improving soil in Muli mining area of Qinghai,and a two-factor random block control experiment was conducted at slope and flat plots to provide theoretical basis for ecological recovery in alpine mining area.A total of sixteen treatments combined with sheep board manure and granular organic fertilizer were set up,including four levels of the ratio of sheep board manure and mine muck,which were 0∶10(0 m^(3)/m^(2),S0),1.5∶10(0.03 m^(3)/m^(2),S1),3∶10(0.06 m^(3)/m^(2),S2),4.5∶10(0.09 m^(3)/m^(2),S3),and four levels of granular organic fertilizer application,which were 0 kg/m^(2)(M0),1.2 kg/m^(2)(M1),2.4 kg/m^(2)(M2),3.6 kg/m^(2)(M3).The results showed that:(1)The maximum soil water holding capacity,capillary water holding capacity and capillary porosity of the flat plot under M_(3)S_(2)treatment were 3.9,4.1 and 1.8 times higher than those under M_(0)S_(0)treatment,and the soil bulk density reduced by 42.8%compared with that of M_(0)S_(0)treatment.The maximum soil water holding capacity and capillary porosity of the slope plot under M_(3)S_(2)were 70.6%and 75.0%higher than those of M_(0)S_(0)treatment,and the capillary water holding capacity was 2.2 times higher than that of M_(0)S_(0)treatment.(2)The single application of sheep board manure and its combined application with granular organic fertilizer increased the soil nutrient content and soil pH in the flat plot.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic matter in flat plot under M_(1)S_(3)treatment were 2.0,1.9 and 1.9 times that of M_(0)S_(0)treatment,respectively.The content of ammonium nitrogen under M_(3)S_(2)treatment was 3.1 times that of M_(0)S_(0)treatment.Soil total nitrogen in the slope plot significantly increased by 64.3%under M_(1)S_(2)compared with M_(0)S_(0)treatment.(3)Soil urease activity in the flat and plot land significan

关 键 词：木里矿区 颗粒有机肥 羊板粪 土壤理化性质 酶活性 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]