制度型开放与消费者福利增进——来自跨境电商综试区的证据  

Institutional Opening Up and Consumer Welfare Enhancement:Based on the Evidence of Cross-border E-commerce Comprehensive Pilot Zones

作　　者：张洪胜[1,2] 谢月星 杨高举[3,4] ZHANG Hongsheng;XIE Yuexing;YANG Gaoju(China Academy of Digital Trade,Zhejiang University;Institute for Fiscal Big-Data&Policy,Zhejiang University;School of Economics,Zhejiang University;China Open Economy Research Center,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学中国数字贸易研究院,310058 [2]浙江大学财税大数据与政策研究中心,310058 [3]浙江大学经济学院,310058 [4]浙江大学中国开放型经济研究中心,310058

出　　处：《经济研究》2023年第8期155-173,共19页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72273125,71973120);国家自然科学基金专项项目(72141305);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(21JZD022)的资助。

摘　　要：设立跨境电商综试区是中国推动制度型开放的重要举措。本文构建涵盖中国30个省市和34个国家的大型一般均衡模型,利用拓展的Head-Ries指数测算非对称贸易成本,运用结构估计方法首次量化评估了跨境电商综试区设立的消费者福利增进效应。研究发现:综试区设立可以同时提高国内消费者和国外消费者的福利水平;综试区设立的福利增进效应存在明显的地区异质性,东部地区单个综试区建设带来的边际福利增长明显高于中西部地区;由于低收入人群的农产品边际消费倾向更高,综试区设立对高收入人群的福利提升效应更大。总体上地区贸易壁垒越大,综试区建设的福利效应越高。理论机制上,综试区设立通过贸易份额和投入产出关联两个渠道提高消费者福利。本文研究对优化跨境电商综试区建设布局、更好地推动制度型开放具有重要启示意义。The establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zones(CECPZs)is an important measure for China to promote institutional opening up.In recent years,China's cross-border e-commerce has continued to experience rapid development,which is inseparable from the Chinese government's high attention and strong support of relevant policies.In March 2015,the State Council approved the establishment of Hangzhou CECPZ and then continued to expand the scope of the pilot in batches.As of August 2023,a total of 165 CECPZs have been established across the country,covering 30 provincial-level regions.However,whether and how the development of cross-border e-commerce affects the welfare of individual consumers is an important issue that has not received enough attention from existing research.This paper structurally estimates the welfare effects and channels of the construction of CECPZs.Compared with the existing research,the marginal contributions of this paper are as follows.First,this paper quantitatively evaluates the welfare effects of CECPZs for the first time.This paper constructs a large-scale general equilibrium model including 30 provincial-level regions and 34 countries.It then uses the structural estimation method and comprehensively utilizes multi-source data such as China's provincial input-output table,the Asian Development Bank multi-regional input-output table,and the Chinese customs database.At the same time,we refer to the extended Head-Ries index of Tombe(2015)to calculate the asymmetric trade costs.This paper uses CECPZs to carry out multi-period DID regression,obtains the marginal effect of a single CECPZ on the reduction of trade costs,and then realizes the welfare impact analysis of trade cost parameter changes based on real data.Second,this paper evaluates the impact of the establishment of CECPZs on the welfare of domestic and foreign consumers,deeply analyzes the regional heterogeneity and income heterogeneity of the impact,and analyzes the trade share mechanism and input-output mechanism

关 键 词：跨境电商 制度型开放 消费者福利 贸易成本 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：F724.6[经济管理—产业经济] F125