11个鲜食葡萄品种幼苗抗旱性研究及抗旱指标筛选  

Evaluation of drought resistance in seedlings of 11 table grape varieties and screening of drought resistance indicators

作　　者：刁珊 NAMI Kana 纪薇[1,2,3] 杨明霞 DIAO Shan;NAMI Kana;JIWei;YANG Mingxia(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;Yamagata University,Yamagata-ken 990-8560,Japan;Yuncheng Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi,China;Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030815,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801 [2]日本山形大学,山形县990-8560 [3]运城市农业农村局,山西运城044000 [4]山西农业大学果树研究所,山西太谷030815

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第9期1871-1884,共14页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZJSX20231A036);山西省科技成果转化引导专项项目(202204021301028);山西省科技重大专项计划(202201140601027-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】缺水是影响干旱区葡萄种植的主要因素之一,因此有必要筛选抗旱鲜食葡萄品种和葡萄抗旱的相关指标。【方法】以丽红宝、晶红宝、无核翠宝等11个鲜食葡萄品种幼苗为材料,进行自然干旱处理,测定其电导率、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数,利用相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和灰色关联度分析相结合的方法,综合评价幼苗抗旱性差异并筛选相关指标。【结果】干旱胁迫对植株相对电导率、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数均有显著影响。相关性分析表明,Rfd与NPQ,F_(m)与Fp、F_(v)、F_(v)/F_(m),Fp与F_(v)、F_(v)/F_(m),F_(v)与F_(v)/F_(m),叶绿素a含量与总叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关(p<0.001)。主成分分析表明,11个葡萄品种抗旱性排序为:丽红宝>秋红宝>茉莉香>巨茉莉>无核白>晶红宝>火焰无核>晚黑宝>无核翠宝>克瑞森无核>早霞玫瑰。聚类分析将11个葡萄品种分为3个抗旱级别,第1类是高抗旱品种(秋红宝和丽红宝);第2类是中抗旱品种(晶红宝、无核白、巨茉莉和茉莉香);第3类是低抗旱品种(克瑞森无核、晚黑宝、早霞玫瑰、无核翠宝和火焰无核)。灰色关联度分析显示叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量、总光合色素含量、根系相对电导率和NPQ 6个指标与葡萄幼苗抗旱性密切相关。【结论】秋红宝和丽红宝抗旱性较强,适合在干旱及半干旱地区推广种植。叶片的光合色素含量、根系相对电导率和NPQ可作为评价葡萄抗旱性的可靠指标。【Objective】Grapes are an important cash crop in the arid areas.Drought seriously affects the growth and yield of grapes and limits the development of the grape industry.Selecting table grape varieties with high drought resistance is the most effective way to cope with drought.This experiment aimed to select table grape varieties with high drought resistance suitable for cultivation in the arid areas as well as drought resistance indicators with high correlation.This study provides a reference for planting grapes in the arid areas.【Methods】The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Horticulture Station of Shanxi Agricultural University.Eleven table grape varieties tested included five Shanxi varieties(Lihongbao,Jinghongbao,Qiuhongbao,Wanheibao and Wuhecuibao),three Liaoning varieties(Zaoxiameigui,Jumoli and Molixiang),two Xinjiang varieties(Thompson Seedless and Flame Seedless)and one California variety(Crimson Seedless).1-year-old cuttings of each variety were collected in November 2021 and buried with earth.The sand-harvested cuttings were transplanted in April 2022,and the experiment was conducted after the seedlings were established in August,2022.The average air temperature during the experiment was 29.3℃and the average humidity was 51.9%.Water withholding treatment was used to simulate natural drought,and 20 seedlings of each variety were selected.On the 0,3,6,9 and 12 days after drought stress treatment,biological responses were recorded and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(maximum fluorescence value(F_(m)),maximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m)),effective quantum yield of PSⅡ(Qy),non-photochemical burst coefficient(NPQ),photochemical burst coefficient(qP)and fluorescence decline rate(Rfd)were measured with a Fluor Pen FP110.The samples were taken back to the laboratory for determination of membrane leakage of the leaves and roots and photosynthetic pigment contents(chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids and total chlorophylls).Significance of differences between varieties at

关 键 词：鲜食葡萄 幼苗 抗旱性差异 指标筛选 综合评价 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]