喷施外源钙对骏枣裂果和相关生理特性及显微结构的影响  

Effects of spraying calcium on fruit cracking and related physiological characteristics and microstructure of Junzao jujube

作　　者：寸丽芳 房立媛 林敏娟[1,2] 王振磊[1,2] CUN Lifang;FANG Liyuan;LIN Minjuan;WANG Zhenlei(Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry/The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Production and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of XPCC,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院·南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第9期1894-1903,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560541);14师农业农村局项目;塔里木大学研究生科研创新项目(TDGRI202123)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同钙制剂处理对骏枣果皮裂果率、细胞壁物质、细胞壁降解酶及显微结构的影响。【方法】以12年生骏枣为试验材料,在幼果期果实叶面喷施不同钙制剂(200、400、800倍液CaCl_(2);1000倍液有机钙),对果皮细胞壁组分及相关降解酶活性、组织结构进行分析研究。【结果】不同喷钙处理均显著降低了裂果率;减缓了细胞壁中纤维素及原果胶的分解速度;显著降低了细胞壁中果胶酶及纤维素酶活性;减少了水溶性果胶及共价结合型果胶的含量。在裂果高发期,不同钙制剂处理与对照相比裂果率分别降低48.4%、42.3%、19.2%和46.1%;果胶酶活性比对照分别低20.4%、43.4%、42.1%和33.2%;水溶性果胶含量与对照相比分别降低21.7%、39.9%、39.7%和35.1%;离子结合型果胶含量与对照相比分别增加32.9%、15.6%、10.1%和11.8%;共价结合型果胶含量与对照相比分别增加38.4%、20.6%、7.3%、18.6%;纤维素酶活性与对照相比分别降低32.2%、22.5%、24.3%和23.1%;纤维素含量与对照相比分别增加31.5%、112.9%、119.1%和83.3%。不同的喷钙处理增加了果皮角质层、表皮细胞及亚表皮细胞厚度,使果皮角质层保持完整,减少龟裂的发生及减少果肉细胞中的空腔数。【结论】在骏枣果实成熟的过程中,纤维素酶、果胶酶和水溶性果胶含量的增加加速了纤维素和原果胶快速降解,加剧了裂果的发生,而在幼果期喷施钙肥可以降低纤维素酶、果胶酶的活性,增加果实纤维素、离子结合型果胶及共价结合型果胶含量;喷钙处理可以增加果皮角质层厚度,使果皮硬度及弹性增加,减少裂果的发生。在果实幼果期喷钙可以作为减少骏枣裂果的重要措施。【Objective】Junzao jujube is one of the main varieties of jujube cultivated in Xinjiang.Due to the frequent occurrence of calcium imbalance,physiological diseases such as fruit cracking causes great economic losses.Calcium plays an important role in the growth and development of fruit trees,and exogenous calcium application can significantly reduce splitting rate of fruit.The cell wall materials,cell wall degrading enzymes,and peel structure are closely related to the occurrence of fruit cracking.The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of treatments of calcium preparations on fruit splitting rate,cell wall substances,cell wall degrading enzymes and micro structure of jujube fruit peel.【Methods】In this experiment,12-year-old Junzao jujube trees were used as the test material.Different calcium solutions(0.5%,0.25%and 0.125%CaCl_(2) and 0.1%organic calcium)were foliar sprayed at the young fruit stage.Fruit cracking rate,peel cell wall components(cellulose,water-soluble pectin,ionbound pectin,and water-soluble pectin),and activities of related degrading enzymes(cellulase and pectinase)were observed or analyzed.Tissue structure was analyzed at the green ripening,white ripening,color change and brittle ripening stages.Excel 2021 software was used to process and plot the data,and Duncan’s new complex range test was carried out with DPS 9.01 software.【Results】Different calcium spray treatments significantly reduced the cracking rate,and the effect of 0.5%CaCl_(2) treatment was the best,in which the cracking rate was reduced by 48%compared with control.Calcium treatments slowed the decomposition rate of cellulose and prospection in the cell wall.During the growth and development of the fruit,the cellulose content in the peel first increased and then decreased,and the highest cellulose content occurred in the white ripening period.With the increase of fruit ripeness,cellulase activity increased,which intensified the decomposition of cellulose,resulting in significant decrease in the cellulose conte

关 键 词：骏枣 裂果 钙制剂 细胞壁 酶活性 组织结构 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]